महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-15, chapter-14, verse-7

वृद्धोऽयं हतपुत्रोऽयं दुःखितोऽयं जनाधिपः ।
पूर्वराज्ञां च पुत्रोऽयमिति कृत्वानुजानत ॥७॥

7. vṛddho'yaṁ hataputro'yaṁ duḥkhito'yaṁ janādhipaḥ ,
pūrvarājñāṁ ca putro'yamiti kṛtvānujānata.

7. vṛddhaḥ ayam hataputraḥ ayam duḥkhitaḥ ayam janādhipaḥ
pūrvarājñām ca putraḥ ayam iti kṛtvā anujānata

7. ayam janādhipaḥ vṛddhaḥ ayam hataputraḥ ayam duḥkhitaḥ
ca ayam pūrvarājñām putraḥ iti kṛtvā anujānata

7. This lord of people is old, he has lost his sons, and he is distressed. Moreover, he is the son of previous kings. Considering this, you should forgive him.

Words meanings summery:

• वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (referring to the king) (old, aged, grown, increased)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

• हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - one who has lost his sons (referring to Dhritarashtra) (one whose sons are slain, one who has lost sons)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

• दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (by the loss of sons) (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

• जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (lord of people, king)

• पूर्वराज्ञाम् (pūrvarājñām) - of previous kings (referring to Dhritarashtra's lineage) (of former kings)

• च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (of former kings) (son)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

• इति (iti) - considering this (introducing a reason or conclusion) (thus, so, in this way)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - considering (these facts) (having done, considering)

• अनुजानत (anujānata) - you (plural) should forgive (him) (you (plural) should forgive, permit)

Words meanings and morphology

वृद्धः (vṛddhaḥ) - old (referring to the king) (old, aged, grown, increased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vṛdh (to grow, increase) with suffix -ta.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he

Note: Masculine nominative singular of idam.

हतपुत्रः (hataputraḥ) - one who has lost his sons (referring to Dhritarashtra) (one whose sons are slain, one who has lost sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hataputra

hataputra - one whose sons are slain, son-less

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hata+putra)

• hata – slain, killed, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with suffix -ta.
  Root: han (class 2)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he

Note: Masculine nominative singular of idam.

दुःखितः (duḥkhitaḥ) - distressed (by the loss of sons) (distressed, sorrowful, suffering)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, suffering, pained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dukh (to suffer, feel pain) with suffix -ita.

Root: dukh (class 10)

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he

Note: Masculine nominative singular of idam.

जनाधिपः (janādhipaḥ) - the king (Dhritarashtra) (lord of people, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of people, ruler, king

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jana+adhipa)

• jana – people, man, person
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

पूर्वराज्ञाम् (pūrvarājñām) - of previous kings (referring to Dhritarashtra's lineage) (of former kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pūrvarājan

pūrvarājan - former king, ancient king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pūrva+rājan)

• pūrva – former, previous, ancient, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Genitive plural of pūrvarājan.

च (ca) - moreover (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son (of former kings) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Masculine nominative singular.

अयम् (ayam) - this (man, the king) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he

Note: Masculine nominative singular of idam.

इति (iti) - considering this (introducing a reason or conclusion) (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - considering (these facts) (having done, considering)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root kṛ (to do, to make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive/Gerund.

अनुजानत (anujānata) - you (plural) should forgive (him) (you (plural) should forgive, permit)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of anujñā

Root conjugated in Imperative Active, 2nd Person Plural.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: 2nd person plural imperative.