महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-21, verse-4

ततो वाचस्पतिर्जज्ञे समानः पर्यवेक्षते ।
रूपं भवति वै व्यक्तं तदनुद्रवते मनः ॥४॥

4. tato vācaspatirjajñe samānaḥ paryavekṣate ,
rūpaṁ bhavati vai vyaktaṁ tadanudravate manaḥ.

4. tataḥ vācaspatiḥ jajñe samānaḥ paryavekṣate
rūpam bhavati vai vyaktam tat anudravate manaḥ

4. tataḥ vācaspatiḥ jajñe.
samānaḥ paryavekṣate.
rūpam vai vyaktam bhavati.
manaḥ tat anudravate.

4. From that (ritual), Vācaspati (Lord of Speech) was born. A universal (principle) observes. Form (rūpa) indeed becomes manifest, and the mind (manas) then follows after it.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - from that (ritual/process mentioned in the previous verse) (then, therefrom, after that)

• वाचस्पतिः (vācaspatiḥ) - Vācaspati (Lord of Speech) (Lord of Speech, Bṛhaspati)

• जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born (was born, arose, came into being)

• समानः (samānaḥ) - a universal (principle) (equal, same, universal, vital air (samāna-vāyu))

• पर्यवेक्षते (paryavekṣate) - observes (observes, watches over, supervises, examines)

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form (rūpa) (form, shape, appearance, beauty)

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, happens, exists, is)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

• व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest (manifest, clear, evident, distinct)

• तत् (tat) - that (form) (that, it)

• अनुद्रवते (anudravate) - follows after (runs after, follows, flows after, pursues)

• मनः (manaḥ) - the mind (manas) (mind, intellect, heart, consciousness)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - from that (ritual/process mentioned in the previous verse) (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

Derived from `tad` (that) + `tas` suffix.

वाचस्पतिः (vācaspatiḥ) - Vācaspati (Lord of Speech) (Lord of Speech, Bṛhaspati)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vācaspati

vācaspati - master of speech, Lord of Speech, Bṛhaspati (a deity associated with wisdom and eloquence)

Compound of `vācas` (speech) and `pati` (lord).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vācas+pati)

• vācas – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Vedic genitive of `vāc`.
• pati – lord, master, husband, owner
  noun (masculine)

जज्ञे (jajñe) - was born (was born, arose, came into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of √jan

Perfect Middle

From `√jan` (to be born). Reduplicated form for perfect.

Root: jan (class 4)

समानः (samānaḥ) - a universal (principle) (equal, same, universal, vital air (samāna-vāyu))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāna

samāna - same, equal, similar, common, universal, uniform; a vital air (located in the navel, responsible for digestion)

Formed from `sam` (together) + `ana` (breathing, life).

Prefix: sam

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Functions as a noun, referring to an implicit subject.

पर्यवेक्षते (paryavekṣate) - observes (observes, watches over, supervises, examines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √īkṣ

Present Middle

From `pari-ava-√īkṣ` (to look around, observe thoroughly, supervise).

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form (rūpa) (form, shape, appearance, beauty)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, beauty, image

Note: Subject of `bhavati`.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes (becomes, happens, exists, is)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √bhū

Present Active

From `√bhū` (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle, often used in Vedic texts.

व्यक्तम् (vyaktam) - manifest (manifest, clear, evident, distinct)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyakta

vyakta - manifest, evident, distinct, expressed, developed

Past Passive Participle

From `vi-√añj` (to make clear, manifest).

Prefix: vi

Root: añj (class 7)

Note: Predicative adjective for `rūpam`.

तत् (tat) - that (form) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of `anudravate`.

अनुद्रवते (anudravate) - follows after (runs after, follows, flows after, pursues)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of √dru

Present Middle

From `anu-√dru` (to run after, follow, pursue).

Prefix: anu

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: The subject is `manaḥ`.

मनः (manaḥ) - the mind (manas) (mind, intellect, heart, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, thought, consciousness, heart

From `√man` (to think).

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of `anudravate`.