महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93, verse-9

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं सदोपवासी स्याद्ब्रह्मचारी च पार्थिव ।
विघसाशी कथं च स्यात्कथं चैवातिथिप्रियः ॥९॥

9. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ sadopavāsī syādbrahmacārī ca pārthiva ,
vighasāśī kathaṁ ca syātkathaṁ caivātithipriyaḥ.

9. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham sadā upavāsī syāt brahmacārī ca
pārthiva vighasāśī katham ca syāt katham ca eva atithipriyaḥ

9. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham sadā upavāsī syāt brahmacārī ca
pārthiva vighasāśī katham ca syāt katham ca eva atithipriyaḥ

9. Yudhishthira said: "O king, how can one always observe a fast, how can one always remain celibate (brahmacārī), how can one be an eater of remnants, and how can one always be hospitable to guests?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• उपवासी (upavāsī) - one who fasts, observing a fast

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - one who observes celibacy, a religious student living under vows of chastity

• च (ca) - and

• पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (son of Pṛthā/earth)

• विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants (of food from a Vedic ritual or a guest)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• च (ca) - and

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

• अतिथिप्रियः (atithipriyaḥ) - fond of guests, hospitable

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; Yudhishthira (eldest of the Pandavas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

reduplicated perfect, root vac/uc

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

उपवासी (upavāsī) - one who fasts, observing a fast

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upavāsin

upavāsin - one who fasts, a faster

Derived from upa-vas 'to fast'

Prefix: upa

Root: vas (class 4)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative active third person singular

root as, optative mood

Root: as (class 2)

ब्रह्मचारी (brahmacārī) - one who observes celibacy, a religious student living under vows of chastity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmacārin

brahmacārin - one who practices sacred study and celibacy, a religious student, celibate

Compound: brahman + cārin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+cārin)

• brahman – sacred word, sacred knowledge, ultimate reality
  noun (neuter)
• cārin – one who moves, practices, performs
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root car
  Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पार्थिव (pārthiva) - O king (son of Pṛthā/earth)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

विघसाशी (vighasāśī) - one who eats remnants (of food from a Vedic ritual or a guest)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vighasāśin

vighasāśin - one who eats the remnants of a meal, especially after guests or deities have been fed

Compound: vighasa + āśin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vighasa+āśin)

• vighasa – remnants of a meal, especially after guests or deities have been fed
  noun (masculine)
  From root ghas with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ghas (class 1)
• āśin – one who eats, consumer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root aś
  Root: aś (class 9)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative active third person singular

root as, optative mood

Root: as (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, even

(indeclinable)

अतिथिप्रियः (atithipriyaḥ) - fond of guests, hospitable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atithipriya

atithipriya - fond of guests, hospitable

Compound: atithi + priya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (atithi+priya)

• atithi – guest, visitor
  noun (masculine)
• priya – dear, beloved, fond of
  adjective (masculine)