महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93, verse-13

भृत्यातिथिषु यो भुङ्क्ते भुक्तवत्सु नरः सदा ।
अमृतं केवलं भुङ्क्ते इति विद्धि युधिष्ठिर ॥१३॥

13. bhṛtyātithiṣu yo bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu naraḥ sadā ,
amṛtaṁ kevalaṁ bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira.

13. bhṛtyātithiṣu yaḥ bhuṅkte bhuktavatsu naraḥ sadā
amṛtaṃ kevalaṃ bhuṅkte iti viddhi yudhiṣṭhira

13. yudhiṣṭhira yaḥ naraḥ sadā bhṛtyātithiṣu bhuktavatsu
bhuṅkte kevalaṃ amṛtaṃ bhuṅkte iti viddhi

13. O Yudhiṣṭhira, know that a person who always eats only after his servants and guests have eaten, partakes of nectar alone.

Words meanings summery:

• भृत्यातिथिषु (bhṛtyātithiṣu) - upon servants and guests (among servants and guests, concerning servants and guests)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, he who)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

• भुक्तवत्सु (bhuktavatsu) - after they have eaten (among those who have eaten, when they have eaten)

• नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

• अमृतं (amṛtaṁ) - nectar (nectar, ambrosia, immortality)

• केवलं (kevalaṁ) - only (only, mere, exclusive)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - partakes (eats, enjoys)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

Words meanings and morphology

भृत्यातिथिषु (bhṛtyātithiṣu) - upon servants and guests (among servants and guests, concerning servants and guests)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhṛtyātithi

bhṛtyātithi - servants and guests

Compound type : dvandva (bhṛtya+atithi)

• bhṛtya – servant, one to be supported
  noun (masculine)
  Gerundive
  From root bhṛ (to bear, support) + -tya suffix
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• atithi – guest, stranger
  noun (masculine)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whatever

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - eats (eats, enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

present

ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, present indicative

Root: bhuj (class 7)

भुक्तवत्सु (bhuktavatsu) - after they have eaten (among those who have eaten, when they have eaten)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, plural of bhuktavat

bhuktavat - one who has eaten

Past active participle

From root bhuj (to eat) + -tavat suffix.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Used here adverbially, indicating a condition in time.

नरः (naraḥ) - person (man, person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, human being, person

Root: nṛ

सदा (sadā) - always (always, ever)

(indeclinable)

अमृतं (amṛtaṁ) - nectar (nectar, ambrosia, immortality)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of amṛta

amṛta - nectar, ambrosia, immortality, deathless

negated past passive participle of root mṛ (to die), meaning 'undying, immortal', then noun 'immortality, nectar'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mṛta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• mṛta – dead, deceased
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mṛ (to die) + -ta suffix
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

केवलं (kevalaṁ) - only (only, mere, exclusive)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kevala

kevala - whole, entire, absolute, only, mere

Note: Agrees with amṛtaṃ.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - partakes (eats, enjoys)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

present

ātmanepada, 3rd person singular, present indicative

Root: bhuj (class 7)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know (know, understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

imperative

parasmaipada, 2nd person singular, imperative mood

Root: vid (class 2)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of a king)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – battle, war
  noun (feminine)
  Locative form used in compound
  Root: yudh
• sthira – steady, firm, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)