महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
द्विजातयो व्रतोपेता हविस्ते यदि भुञ्जते ।
अन्नं ब्राह्मणकामाय कथमेतत्पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
dvijātayo vratopetā haviste yadi bhuñjate ,
annaṁ brāhmaṇakāmāya kathametatpitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca dvijātayaḥ vrata-upetāḥ haviḥ te yadi
bhuñjate annam brāhmaṇa-kāmāya katham etat pitāmaha

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: O Grandfather, if the twice-born, who are committed to vows, consume the oblation meant for you, then how can that food be considered for the purpose of gratifying Brahmins?

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas)

• व्रत-उपेताः (vrata-upetāḥ) - endowed with vows, observing sacred vows

• हविः (haviḥ) - oblation, offering (especially butter or clarified butter)

• ते (te) - meant for you (referring to Bhīṣma, the Pitamaha) (to you, your)

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they consume, they eat, they enjoy

• अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

• ब्राह्मण-कामाय (brāhmaṇa-kāmāya) - for the purpose of gratifying Brahmins (by feeding them) (for one desirous of Brahmins, for the purpose of Brahmins)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, that)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhīṣma (Yudhiṣṭhira's grandfather) (O Grandfather (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

द्विजातयः (dvijātayaḥ) - twice-born ones (Brahmins, Kṣatriyas, Vaiśyas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvijāti

dvijāti - twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya; also bird, tooth, snake)

Compound: dvi (two) + jāta (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+jāta)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• jāta – born, produced
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'jan' (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

व्रत-उपेताः (vrata-upetāḥ) - endowed with vows, observing sacred vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vratopeta

vratopeta - observing vows, engaged in religious observances

Compound of 'vrata' (vow) and 'upeta' (endowed with)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrata+upeta)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
• upeta – approached, endowed with, possessed of
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijātayaḥ'

हविः (haviḥ) - oblation, offering (especially butter or clarified butter)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havis

havis - oblation, offering, clarified butter

Note: Object of 'bhuñjate'

ते (te) - meant for you (referring to Bhīṣma, the Pitamaha) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you (pronoun)

Note: Dative case, indicating for whom the oblation is.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a conditional clause.

भुञ्जते (bhuñjate) - they consume, they eat, they enjoy

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of bhuj

present middle indicative

7th class verb

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijātayaḥ'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food, cooked rice

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, cooked rice, grain

From root 'ad' (to eat)

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'katham etat'

ब्राह्मण-कामाय (brāhmaṇa-kāmāya) - for the purpose of gratifying Brahmins (by feeding them) (for one desirous of Brahmins, for the purpose of Brahmins)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇakāma

brāhmaṇakāma - desirous of Brahmins, wishing to feed Brahmins

Compound of 'brāhmaṇa' (Brahmin) and 'kāma' (desire, desirous)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brāhmaṇa+kāma)

• brāhmaṇa – Brahmin, relating to Brahma
  noun (masculine)
• kāma – desire, wish, love, object of desire
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Indicates the purpose or recipient of the food.

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (food) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O Bhīṣma (Yudhiṣṭhira's grandfather) (O Grandfather (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather; Brahma (as grandfather of all beings)

Compound: pitṛ (father) + maha (great, grand)

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, grand, important
  adjective