महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93, verse-12

अभक्षयन्वृथा मांसममांसाशी भवत्युत ।
दानं ददत्पवित्री स्यादस्वप्नश्च दिवास्वपन् ॥१२॥

12. abhakṣayanvṛthā māṁsamamāṁsāśī bhavatyuta ,
dānaṁ dadatpavitrī syādasvapnaśca divāsvapan.

12. abhakṣayan vṛthā māṃsam amāṃsāśī bhavati uta
dānam dadat pavitrī syāt asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan

12. abhakṣayan vṛthā māṃsam amāṃsāśī bhavati uta
dānam dadat pavitrī syāt asvapnaḥ ca divāsvapan

12. By not consuming meat unnecessarily, one is indeed a non-meat-eater. By giving gifts, one is purified. And one who sleeps during the day is not considered truly sleepless (i.e., does not maintain a continuous vigil).

Words meanings summery:

• अभक्षयन् (abhakṣayan) - not eating, not consuming

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, unnecessarily, uselessly

• मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

• अमांसाशी (amāṁsāśī) - one who does not eat meat, a non-meat-eater

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• उत (uta) - indeed, certainly (indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

• दानम् (dānam) - gift, giving, charity

• ददत् (dadat) - giving, bestowing

• पवित्री (pavitrī) - purified, cleansed

• स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

• अस्वप्नः (asvapnaḥ) - one who observes a nocturnal vigil (sleepless, awake, one who does not sleep)

• च (ca) - and

• दिवास्वपन् (divāsvapan) - sleeping during the day, one who sleeps during the day

Words meanings and morphology

अभक्षयन् (abhakṣayan) - not eating, not consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhakṣayat

abhakṣayat - not eating, abstaining from food (present active participle)

Present active participle (negative)

Negative prefix 'a-' + participle of bhakṣ 'to eat'

Root: bhakṣ (class 10)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, unnecessarily, uselessly

(indeclinable)

मांसम् (māṁsam) - meat, flesh

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of māṃsa

māṁsa - meat, flesh

अमांसाशी (amāṁsāśī) - one who does not eat meat, a non-meat-eater

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amāṃsāśin

amāṁsāśin - not eating flesh, a non-meat-eater

Compound: a (negative) + māṃsa + āśin

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+māṃsa+āśin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• māṃsa – meat, flesh
  noun (neuter)
• āśin – one who eats, consumer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root aś
  Root: aś (class 9)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present active third person singular

root bhū, class 1, present indicative

Root: bhū (class 1)

उत (uta) - indeed, certainly (indeed, moreover, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

दानम् (dānam) - gift, giving, charity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, donation, charity

root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

ददत् (dadat) - giving, bestowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dadat

dadat - giving, bestowing (present active participle)

Present active participle

Root dā, class 3, reduplicated, present participle

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies the implied subject.

पवित्री (pavitrī) - purified, cleansed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavitrin

pavitrin - pure, purified, holy

From pavitra (pure)

स्यात् (syāt) - may be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative active third person singular

root as, optative mood

Root: as (class 2)

अस्वप्नः (asvapnaḥ) - one who observes a nocturnal vigil (sleepless, awake, one who does not sleep)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asvapna

asvapna - sleepless, awake, one who does not sleep (often as part of a vow or ascetic practice)

Negative prefix 'a-' + svapna (sleep)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+svapna)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• svapna – sleep, dream
  noun (masculine)
  From root svap
  Root: svap (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दिवास्वपन् (divāsvapan) - sleeping during the day, one who sleeps during the day

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of divāsvapat

divāsvapat - sleeping during the day (present active participle)

Present active participle

Compound: divā (by day) + svapan (sleeping, participle of svap 'to sleep')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+svapan)

• divā – by day, in the daytime
  indeclinable
• svapan – sleeping (present active participle)
  adjective (masculine)
  Present active participle
  Participle of root svap
  Root: svap (class 2)