महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-93, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अवेदोक्तव्रताश्चैव भुञ्जानाः कार्यकारिणः ।
वेदोक्तेषु तु भुञ्जाना व्रतलुप्ता युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
avedoktavratāścaiva bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ ,
vedokteṣu tu bhuñjānā vrataluptā yudhiṣṭhira.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca aveda-ukta-vratāḥ ca eva bhuñjānāḥ kāryakāriṇaḥ
veda-ukteṣu tu bhuñjānāḥ vrata-luptāḥ yudhiṣṭhira

2. Bhīṣma said: O Yudhiṣṭhira, those who partake of offerings while observing vows not prescribed by the Vedas are merely performing actions. However, those who partake of what is prescribed by the Vedas but have abandoned their vows are considered to have fallen from their observances.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (name of a character)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अवेद-उक्त-व्रताः (aveda-ukta-vratāḥ) - those whose vows are not declared in the Vedas

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - consuming, eating, enjoying

• कार्यकारिणः (kāryakāriṇaḥ) - merely performing actions (without true spiritual merit) (doers of actions, performers of deeds)

• वेद-उक्तेषु (veda-ukteṣu) - in what is declared in the Vedas, among those declared by the Vedas

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - consuming, eating, enjoying

• व्रत-लुप्ताः (vrata-luptāḥ) - those who have lost their vows, fallen from vows

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (vocative)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (name of a character)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of the son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu

From root 'bhī' (to fear) + -ṣma suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active indicative

Irregular perfect form of 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

अवेद-उक्त-व्रताः (aveda-ukta-vratāḥ) - those whose vows are not declared in the Vedas

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avedoktavrata

avedoktavrata - one whose vows are not mentioned in the Vedas

Bahuvrīhi compound: na (not) + veda (Vedas) + ukta (said) + vrata (vow)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+veda+ukta+vrata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vid' (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ukta – said, declared, spoken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to individuals.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

Note: Connects clauses or phrases.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle

भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - consuming, eating, enjoying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - consuming, eating, enjoying

Present Middle Participle

From root 'bhuj' (to consume, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as a participle, describing the action of the implied subject.

कार्यकारिणः (kāryakāriṇaḥ) - merely performing actions (without true spiritual merit) (doers of actions, performers of deeds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kāryakārin

kāryakārin - doing one's duty, performing actions, an executor

Compound of 'kārya' (action, duty) + 'kārin' (doer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kārya+kārin)

• kārya – to be done, duty, action
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kārin – doer, maker, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -in from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Functions as a predicate nominative describing the 'avedoktavratāḥ'.

वेद-उक्तेषु (veda-ukteṣu) - in what is declared in the Vedas, among those declared by the Vedas

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of vedokta

vedokta - declared in the Vedas, enjoined by the Vedas

Compound of 'veda' (Vedas) + 'ukta' (said, declared)

Compound type : tatpurusha (veda+ukta)

• veda – knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• ukta – said, declared, spoken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vac' (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Refers to offerings/things prescribed by the Vedas.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Conjunction, often indicating contrast.

भुञ्जानाः (bhuñjānāḥ) - consuming, eating, enjoying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhuñjāna

bhuñjāna - consuming, eating, enjoying

Present Middle Participle

From root 'bhuj' (to consume, enjoy)

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as a participle, describing the action of the implied subject.

व्रत-लुप्ताः (vrata-luptāḥ) - those who have lost their vows, fallen from vows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vratalupta

vratalupta - one who has lost or broken vows

Tatpurusha compound: vrata (vow) + lupta (broken, lost)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vrata+lupta)

• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)
• lupta – broken, lost, violated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'lup' (to break, cut off)
  Root: lup (class 6)

Note: Predicate adjective.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)