महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-93, verse-5

तमब्रवीद्वामदेवस्तपस्वी जपतां वरः ।
हेमवर्णमुपासीनं ययातिमिव नाहुषम् ॥५॥

5. tamabravīdvāmadevastapasvī japatāṁ varaḥ ,
hemavarṇamupāsīnaṁ yayātimiva nāhuṣam.

5. tam abravīt vāmadevaḥ tapasvī japatām varaḥ
hemavarṇam upāsīnam yayātim iva nāhuṣam

5. tapasvī japatām varaḥ vāmadevaḥ hemavarṇam
upāsīnam nāhuṣam yayātim iva tam abravīt

5. To him (King Vasumana), who was seated with a golden complexion, like Yayati, the son of Nahusha, Vamadeva, the ascetic and the best among those who practice repetitive prayer (japa), replied.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to King Vasumana (him)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• वामदेवः (vāmadevaḥ) - Vamadeva

• तपस्वी (tapasvī) - Vamadeva, known for his spiritual discipline (ascetic, one who practices austerity (tapas))

• जपताम् (japatām) - refers to those who perform japa (repetitive prayer or mantra recitation) (of those who chant, of chanters)

• वरः (varaḥ) - the most excellent among chanters (best, excellent, foremost)

• हेमवर्णम् (hemavarṇam) - referring to King Vasumana's radiant appearance (golden-colored, of golden complexion)

• उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - referring to King Vasumana, who was seated respectfully before the sage (seated near, attending, honoring)

• ययातिम् (yayātim) - a legendary king, son of Nahusha (Yayati)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• नाहुषम् (nāhuṣam) - referring to Yayati (son of Nahusha)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to King Vasumana (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bru

Imperfect Active

Root 'bru' (2nd conjugation). 3rd person singular, imperfect tense (laṅ lakāra) with augment 'a'.

Root: bru (class 2)

वामदेवः (vāmadevaḥ) - Vamadeva

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāmadeva

vāmadeva - Vamadeva (name of an ancient sage)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

तपस्वी (tapasvī) - Vamadeva, known for his spiritual discipline (ascetic, one who practices austerity (tapas))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapasvin

tapasvin - ascetic, devout, practicing austerity (tapas)

From 'tapas' (asceticism, austerity) + suffix '-vin'.

Note: Agrees with 'vāmadevaḥ'.

जपताम् (japatām) - refers to those who perform japa (repetitive prayer or mantra recitation) (of those who chant, of chanters)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of japat

japat - chanting, muttering prayers

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'jap' (to mutter, to whisper). Genitive plural masculine.

Root: jap (class 1)

वरः (varaḥ) - the most excellent among chanters (best, excellent, foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, principal, choice; boon, suitor

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vāmadevaḥ', forming 'japatāṃ varaḥ' (the best of chanters).

हेमवर्णम् (hemavarṇam) - referring to King Vasumana's radiant appearance (golden-colored, of golden complexion)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hemavarṇa

hemavarṇa - golden-colored, having the color of gold

Compound of 'hema' (gold) + 'varṇa' (color).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (hema+varṇa)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• varṇa – color, appearance, complexion
  noun (masculine)

उपासीनम् (upāsīnam) - referring to King Vasumana, who was seated respectfully before the sage (seated near, attending, honoring)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāsīna

upāsīna - seated near, attending, worshiping, meditating

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'ās' (to sit) with upasarga 'upa'. Accusative singular masculine.

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially, modifying 'tam' (King Vasumana).

ययातिम् (yayātim) - a legendary king, son of Nahusha (Yayati)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (name of a mythological king)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

नाहुषम् (nāhuṣam) - referring to Yayati (son of Nahusha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - son of Nahusha, a patronymic of Yayati

Patronymic derived from Nahuṣa.

Note: Serves as an epithet for Yayati.