महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-93, verse-15

अदाता ह्यनतिस्नेहो दण्डेनावर्तयन्प्रजाः ।
साहसप्रकृती राजा क्षिप्रमेव विनश्यति ॥१५॥

15. adātā hyanatisneho daṇḍenāvartayanprajāḥ ,
sāhasaprakṛtī rājā kṣiprameva vinaśyati.

15. adātā hi anatisnehaḥ daṇḍena āvartayan prajāḥ
sāhasaprakṛtī rājā kṣipram eva vinaśyati

15. Indeed, a king who is not generous, who is devoid of affection, who controls his subjects with force, and whose inherent nature (prakṛti) is rashness and violence, quickly perishes.

Words meanings summery:

• अदाता (adātā) - not a giver, ungenerous, miserly

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अनतिस्नेहः (anatisnehaḥ) - without excessive affection, unloving, harsh

• दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment, by force, by stick

• आवर्तयन् (āvartayan) - controlling, governing, making turn

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

• साहसप्रकृती (sāhasaprakṛtī) - whose nature is violence/rashness, characterized by rashness

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, disappears

Words meanings and morphology

अदाता (adātā) - not a giver, ungenerous, miserly

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adātṛ

adātṛ - not a giver, ungenerous

agent noun

Negative prefix a- + agent noun from root dā (to give)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+dātṛ)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• dātṛ – giver, donor
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अनतिस्नेहः (anatisnehaḥ) - without excessive affection, unloving, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anatisneha

anatisneha - without excessive affection, unloving

Compound of a- (not), ati- (excessive), and sneha (affection)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+ati+sneha)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• ati – excessive, over, beyond
  indeclinable
• sneha – affection, love, tenderness, oil
  noun (masculine)
  From root snih (to be sticky, to feel affection)
  Root: snih (class 4)

दण्डेन (daṇḍena) - by punishment, by force, by stick

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, punishment, force, mace

आवर्तयन् (āvartayan) - controlling, governing, making turn

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvartayat

āvartayat - controlling, governing, making turn

present active participle (causative)

From root vṛt (to turn) with prefix ā- and causative suffix -i + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people

From root jan (to be born) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'āvartayan'.

साहसप्रकृती (sāhasaprakṛtī) - whose nature is violence/rashness, characterized by rashness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāhasaprakṛti

sāhasaprakṛti - whose nature is violence, having a rash disposition

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sāhasa+prakṛti)

• sāhasa – violence, rashness, daring, audacity
  noun (neuter)
  From root sah (to endure, to overcome)
  Root: sah (class 1)
• prakṛti – nature, disposition, constitution, fundamental substance
  noun (feminine)
  From root kṛ (to make) with prefix pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - perishes, is destroyed, disappears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vinaś

present indicative

Root naś (to perish) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)