महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-93, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं धर्मे स्थातुमिच्छन्राजा वर्तेत धार्मिकः ।
पृच्छामि त्वा कुरुश्रेष्ठ तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ dharme sthātumicchanrājā varteta dhārmikaḥ ,
pṛcchāmi tvā kuruśreṣṭha tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca katham dharme sthātum icchan rājā varteta
dhārmikaḥ pṛcchāmi tvā kuruśreṣṭha tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kuruśreṣṭha
pitāmaha katham dhārmikaḥ rājā
dharme sthātum icchan varteta?
aham tvā pṛcchāmi tat me brūhi

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best of the Kurus, O grandfather, how should a righteous king, desiring to remain steadfast in natural law (dharma), conduct himself? I ask you this; please tell me."

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in righteousness

• स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to remain, to abide

• इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• वर्तेत (varteta) - he should act, he should behave, he should conduct himself

• धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, pious, adhering to dharma

• पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of the Kurus (addressing Bhishma) (O best among the Kurus)

• तत् (tat) - this (referring to the question) (that (accusative))

• मे (me) - to me

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell! speak!

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (O grandfather!)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect

Perfect form of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

धर्मे (dharme) - in natural law (dharma), in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty

स्थातुम् (sthātum) - to stand, to remain, to abide

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

इच्छन् (icchan) - wishing, desiring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - wishing, desiring, longing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle from root iṣ (to wish)

Root: iṣ (class 6)

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

वर्तेत (varteta) - he should act, he should behave, he should conduct himself

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of vṛt

optative

Optative mood, ātmanepada (middle voice) form of root vṛt

Root: vṛt (class 1)

धार्मिकः (dhārmikaḥ) - righteous, pious, adhering to dharma

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārmika

dhārmika - righteous, pious, virtuous, relating to dharma

Derived from dharma with suffix -ika

पृच्छामि (pṛcchāmi) - I ask

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of pṛcchāmi

present

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice of root prach

Root: prach (class 6)

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

कुरुश्रेष्ठ (kuruśreṣṭha) - O best of the Kurus (addressing Bhishma) (O best among the Kurus)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kuruśreṣṭha

kuruśreṣṭha - best among the Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+śreṣṭha)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)

तत् (tat) - this (referring to the question) (that (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - to me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell! speak!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brūhi

imperative

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice of root brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (addressing Bhishma) (O grandfather!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather (father's father)