महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-264, verse-4

श्यामाकमशनं तत्र सूर्यपत्नी सुवर्चला ।
तिक्तं च विरसं शाकं तपसा स्वादुतां गतम् ॥४॥

4. śyāmākamaśanaṁ tatra sūryapatnī suvarcalā ,
tiktaṁ ca virasaṁ śākaṁ tapasā svādutāṁ gatam.

4. śyāmākam aśanam tatra sūrya-patnī suvarcalā |
tiktam ca virasam śākam tapasā svādutām gatam

4. tatra aśanam śyāmākam sūrya-patnī suvarcalā (iva āsīt)
tiktam ca virasam śākam (api) tapasā svādutām gatam (āsīt)

4. There, his food was millet (śyāmāka), pure and radiant like Suvarcalā, the wife of the Sun-god. And bitter, tasteless vegetables, through his austerities (tapas), had attained sweetness.

Words meanings summery:

• श्यामाकम् (śyāmākam) - A type of coarse grain, forming part of the Brahmin's simple diet. (millet, barnyard millet)

• अशनम् (aśanam) - The millet constituted his main sustenance. (food, eating)

• तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the Brahmin's dwelling or situation. (there, in that place)

• सूर्य-पत्नी (sūrya-patnī) - Introduces Suvarcalā as the wife of Surya, setting up a comparison for the millet. (wife of the Sun-god)

• सुवर्चला (suvarcalā) - The millet (śyāmāka) is described as pure or radiant, like the goddess Suvarcalā. (Suvarcala (proper name); radiant, brilliant)

• तिक्तम् (tiktam) - Describes the original unpleasant taste of the vegetables. (bitter)

• च (ca) - Connects 'bitter' and 'tasteless' in describing the vegetables. (and, also)

• विरसम् (virasam) - Further emphasizes the poor quality of the vegetables eaten by the ascetic Brahmin. (tasteless, insipid)

• शाकम् (śākam) - The wild greens that formed a part of the Brahmin's sparse meal. (vegetable, pot-herb)

• तपसा (tapasā) - The Brahmin's spiritual discipline was the cause of the vegetables' transformation. (by austerity, by penance, by self-discipline)

• स्वादुताम् (svādutām) - The state of being sweet that the vegetables attained. (sweetness (accusative))

• गतम् (gatam) - The vegetables had reached the state of sweetness. (gone, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

श्यामाकम् (śyāmākam) - A type of coarse grain, forming part of the Brahmin's simple diet. (millet, barnyard millet)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śyāmāka

śyāmāka - barnyard millet (Echinochloa frumentacea), a kind of coarse grain

अशनम् (aśanam) - The millet constituted his main sustenance. (food, eating)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of aśana

aśana - food, eating, meal

Derived from the root aś (to eat)

Root: aś (class 9)

तत्र (tatra) - Refers to the Brahmin's dwelling or situation. (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb formed from pronominal root tad

सूर्य-पत्नी (sūrya-patnī) - Introduces Suvarcalā as the wife of Surya, setting up a comparison for the millet. (wife of the Sun-god)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sūrya-patnī

sūrya-patnī - wife of the Sun-god

Tatpurusha compound of sūrya (Sun) and patnī (wife)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūrya+patnī)

• sūrya – Sun, sun-god
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root sū (to stimulate, incite)
  Root: sū (class 1)
• patnī – wife
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of pati (master, husband), with an augment

सुवर्चला (suvarcalā) - The millet (śyāmāka) is described as pure or radiant, like the goddess Suvarcalā. (Suvarcala (proper name); radiant, brilliant)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of suvarcalā

suvarcalā - Suvarcala (name of a goddess, wife of Sūrya); very brilliant, radiant

Feminine form of the adjective suvarcala (good-shining)

Prefix: su

Root: vṛc

तिक्तम् (tiktam) - Describes the original unpleasant taste of the vegetables. (bitter)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tikta

tikta - bitter, pungent

Derived from the root tij (to be sharp)

Root: tij

Note: Agrees with 'śākam'.

च (ca) - Connects 'bitter' and 'tasteless' in describing the vegetables. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

विरसम् (virasam) - Further emphasizes the poor quality of the vegetables eaten by the ascetic Brahmin. (tasteless, insipid)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of virasa

virasa - tasteless, insipid, devoid of sentiment

Pradi compound of vi (without) and rasa (taste)

Compound type : pradi tatpurusha (vi+rasa)

• vi – apart, away, without
  upasarga
  Prefix indicating negation or separation
• rasa – taste, flavor, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root ras (to taste)
  Root: ras (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śākam'.

शाकम् (śākam) - The wild greens that formed a part of the Brahmin's sparse meal. (vegetable, pot-herb)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śāka

śāka - vegetable, pot-herb, green herb

Root: śak (class 5)

तपसा (tapasā) - The Brahmin's spiritual discipline was the cause of the vegetables' transformation. (by austerity, by penance, by self-discipline)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, self-discipline, heat

Derived from the root tap (to heat, to suffer)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or agent of the transformation.

स्वादुताम् (svādutām) - The state of being sweet that the vegetables attained. (sweetness (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of svādutā

svādutā - sweetness, agreeableness

Abstract noun formed from svādu (sweet) with the suffix -tā

Note: Object of 'gatam', indicating the state reached.

गतम् (gatam) - The vegetables had reached the state of sweetness. (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gata

gata - gone, moved, obtained, attained

Past Passive Participle

From the root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)