महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-256, verse-16

स्पर्धां जहि महाप्राज्ञ ततः प्राप्स्यसि यत्परम् ।
श्रद्धावाञ्श्रद्दधानश्च धर्मांश्चैवेह वाणिजः ।
स्ववर्त्मनि स्थितश्चैव गरीयानेष जाजले ॥१६॥

16. spardhāṁ jahi mahāprājña tataḥ prāpsyasi yatparam ,
śraddhāvāñśraddadhānaśca dharmāṁścaiveha vāṇijaḥ ,
svavartmani sthitaścaiva garīyāneṣa jājale.

16. spardhām jahi mahāprājña tataḥ prāpsyasi
yat param śraddhāvān śraddadhānaḥ ca
dharmān ca eva iha vāṇijaḥ svavartmani
sthitaḥ ca eva garīyān eṣaḥ jāajale

16. mahāprājña spardhām jahi.
tataḥ yat param prāpsyasi.
jāajale,
iha śraddhāvān ca śraddadhānaḥ ca dharmān ca eva svavartmani sthitaḥ ca eva eṣaḥ vāṇijaḥ garīyān.

16. O greatly wise one, abandon rivalry! Then you will attain that which is supreme. Indeed, here, a merchant who is full of faith (śraddhā) and devoted, and who diligently observes his duties (dharma) and remains established in his own path, this one is superior, O Jājali!

Words meanings summery:

• स्पर्धाम् (spardhām) - the feeling of competitive jealousy (rivalry, competition, emulation)

• जहि (jahi) - relinquish, let go of (abandon, give up, conquer, destroy)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one

• ततः (tataḥ) - consequently, as a result of abandoning rivalry (then, thereupon, from that)

• प्राप्स्यसि (prāpsyasi) - you will obtain, you will attain, you will reach

• यत् (yat) - that which is (understood as the object of 'prāpsyasi') (which, what, that which)

• परम् (param) - the ultimate good or state (supreme, highest, ultimate)

• श्रद्धावान् (śraddhāvān) - a person endowed with deep faith (śraddhā) (possessing faith, faithful, believing)

• श्रद्दधानः (śraddadhānaḥ) - actively putting faith into practice (having faith, believing, devoted, diligent)

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मान् (dharmān) - his specific duties and righteous practices (duties, natural laws, virtues (plural))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, only)

• इह (iha) - in this context or situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

• वाणिजः (vāṇijaḥ) - Tulādhāra, who is a merchant (a merchant, trader)

• स्ववर्त्मनि (svavartmani) - remaining true to his own inherent duty or profession (in his own path, in his own course of action)

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - firmly established or resolved (situated, standing, established)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding statement (indeed, certainly)

• गरीयान् (garīyān) - morally or spiritually superior (superior, greater, heavier)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - refers to the merchant being described (this one, he)

• जाअजले (jāajale) - O Jājali!

Words meanings and morphology

स्पर्धाम् (spardhām) - the feeling of competitive jealousy (rivalry, competition, emulation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of spardhā

spardhā - rivalry, competition, emulation, contention

From √spardh 'to contend'

Root: spardh (class 1)

जहि (jahi) - relinquish, let go of (abandon, give up, conquer, destroy)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of han

Imperative

2nd person singular imperative of √han

Root: han (class 2)

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, highly intelligent

Compound of mahā (great) + prājña (wise)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• prājña – wise, knowing, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)
  From pra- + √jñā 'to know'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - consequently, as a result of abandoning rivalry (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्स्यसि (prāpsyasi) - you will obtain, you will attain, you will reach

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of prāp

Future Tense

2nd person singular future tense of pra- + √āp

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

यत् (yat) - that which is (understood as the object of 'prāpsyasi') (which, what, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that, who

Note: Functions here as relative pronoun, implicitly 'that which'.

परम् (param) - the ultimate good or state (supreme, highest, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

Note: Agrees with 'yat' (implicitly).

श्रद्धावान् (śraddhāvān) - a person endowed with deep faith (śraddhā) (possessing faith, faithful, believing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śraddhāvat

śraddhāvat - possessing faith, faithful, believing

From śraddhā (faith) + -vat suffix

श्रद्दधानः (śraddadhānaḥ) - actively putting faith into practice (having faith, believing, devoted, diligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śraddadhāna

śraddadhāna - having faith, believing, devoted, diligent

Present Middle Participle

Present Middle Participle of śrad-dhā (śrad- to place, dhā- to put). Literally 'placing faith'.

Prefix: śrad

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Emphasizes active faith or devotion.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्मान् (dharmān) - his specific duties and righteous practices (duties, natural laws, virtues (plural))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion, intrinsic nature

Derived from √dhṛ 'to hold, support'

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Often taken to mean 'duties' when in plural.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the statement (indeed, certainly, only)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - in this context or situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

वाणिजः (vāṇijaḥ) - Tulādhāra, who is a merchant (a merchant, trader)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāṇij

vāṇij - merchant, trader

स्ववर्त्मनि (svavartmani) - remaining true to his own inherent duty or profession (in his own path, in his own course of action)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svavartman

svavartman - one's own path, own course of action, own duty

Compound of sva (own) + vartman (path)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+vartman)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• vartman – path, road, track, course
  noun (neuter)
  From √vṛt 'to turn, exist'
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - firmly established or resolved (situated, standing, established)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, established, firm, existing

Past Passive Participle

From √sthā 'to stand'

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the preceding statement (indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

गरीयान् (garīyān) - morally or spiritually superior (superior, greater, heavier)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of garīyas

garīyas - heavier, more important, greater, superior

Comparative adjective

Comparative form of guru ('heavy, important')

एषः (eṣaḥ) - refers to the merchant being described (this one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

जाअजले (jāajale) - O Jājali!

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of jāājali

jāājali - Jājali (proper name)