महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-256, verse-1

तुलाधार उवाच ।
सद्भिर्वा यदि वासद्भिरयं पन्थाः समाश्रितः ।
प्रत्यक्षं क्रियतां साधु ततो ज्ञास्यसि तद्यथा ॥१॥

1. tulādhāra uvāca ,
sadbhirvā yadi vāsadbhirayaṁ panthāḥ samāśritaḥ ,
pratyakṣaṁ kriyatāṁ sādhu tato jñāsyasi tadyathā.

1. tulādhāraḥ uvāca sadbhiḥ vā yadi vā asadbhiḥ ayam panthāḥ
samāśritaḥ pratyakṣam kriyatām sādhu tataḥ jñāsyasi tat yathā

1. tulādhāraḥ uvāca yadi ayam panthāḥ
sadbhiḥ vā asadbhiḥ vā samāśritaḥ
[asti] pratyakṣam sādhu
kriyatām tataḥ tvam tat yathā jñāsyasi

1. Tuladhara said: Whether this path is followed by good people or by bad people, let it be properly put to a direct test. Then you will know its true nature.

Words meanings summery:

• तुलाधारः (tulādhāraḥ) - Tuladhara (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by virtuous people, by good people

• वा (vā) - or, either

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• वा (vā) - or, either

• असद्भिः (asadbhiḥ) - by non-virtuous people, by wicked people

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - path, way, road

• समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - resorted to, adopted, followed, based upon

• प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly, visibly

• क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done, may it be performed

• साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, correctly

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know

• तत् (tat) - that, its

• यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

Words meanings and morphology

तुलाधारः (tulādhāraḥ) - Tuladhara (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tulādhāra

tulādhāra - 'bearer of a balance', a merchant, Tuladhara (proper name)

Compound of tulā (balance) and dhāra (holding).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tulā+dhāra)

• tulā – balance, scale, weight
  noun (feminine)
• dhāra – holding, bearing, supporting
  adjective (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

3rd person singular, perfect tense

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by virtuous people, by good people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, good, virtuous, noble, true, being

Present active participle (from as to be)

From root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

असद्भिः (asadbhiḥ) - by non-virtuous people, by wicked people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asat

asat - non-existent, bad, wicked, false

Present active participle (from as to be, with negative a)

Negative compound of sat.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• sat – existing, good, virtuous, noble, true, being
  participle (masculine)
  Present active participle
  From root as (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

पन्थाः (panthāḥ) - path, way, road

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way, course

समाश्रितः (samāśritaḥ) - resorted to, adopted, followed, based upon

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāśrita

samāśrita - resorted to, taken refuge in, adopted, followed, supported

Past Passive Participle

From root śri (to resort to, lean on) with prefix sam and ā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: śri (class 1)

प्रत्यक्षम् (pratyakṣam) - directly, visibly

(indeclinable)

Compound of prati (against, towards) + akṣa (eye).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (prati+akṣa)

• prati – towards, against, in front of, every
  indeclinable
• akṣa – eye, sense organ, axis
  noun (neuter)

क्रियताम् (kriyatām) - let it be done, may it be performed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

3rd person singular, imperative mood, passive voice

From root kṛ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

साधु (sādhu) - properly, well, correctly

(indeclinable)

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Adverbial use.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from tad.

ज्ञास्यसि (jñāsyasi) - you will know

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of jñā

2nd person singular, future tense, active voice

From root jñā (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

तत् (tat) - that, its

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

यथा (yathā) - how, as, in what manner

(indeclinable)