महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-233, verse-8

कर्मणा जायते प्रेत्य मूर्तिमान्षोडशात्मकः ।
विद्यया जायते नित्यमव्ययो ह्यव्ययात्मकः ॥८॥

8. karmaṇā jāyate pretya mūrtimānṣoḍaśātmakaḥ ,
vidyayā jāyate nityamavyayo hyavyayātmakaḥ.

8. karmaṇā jāyate pretya mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ
vidyayā jāyate nityam avyayaḥ hi avyayātmakaḥ

8. karmaṇā pretya mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ (jantuḥ) jāyate
hi vidyayā (saḥ) nityam avyayaḥ avyayātmakaḥ jāyate

8. Through action (karma), after death, an embodied being, composed of sixteen elements, is born. By knowledge, however, one is indeed born eternally as the imperishable, possessing an imperishable nature.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by karma

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having departed

• मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - an embodied being (embodied, having a body/form)

• षोडशात्मकः (ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ) - consisting of sixteen parts/elements, having a sixteen-fold nature

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally, constantly, always

• अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - imperishable, unchangeable, undiminishing

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• अव्ययात्मकः (avyayātmakaḥ) - of imperishable nature, whose self is imperishable

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by karma

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action, fate, consequence of action

From root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Transliterated term included in translation.

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Passive voice (or Middle voice for some roots), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having departed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root i (to go) with prefix pra, and suffix -tya

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - an embodied being (embodied, having a body/form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrtimat

mūrtimat - having a body, embodied, corporeal, manifested

Possessive suffix -mat applied to mūrti

षोडशात्मकः (ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ) - consisting of sixteen parts/elements, having a sixteen-fold nature

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ṣoḍaśātmaka

ṣoḍaśātmaka - consisting of sixteen elements, having a sixteen-fold nature

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ṣoḍaśa+ātman)

• ṣoḍaśa – sixteen
  numeral
• ātman – Self, soul, essential nature, essence
  noun (masculine)

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, wisdom

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Passive voice (or Middle voice for some roots), present tense, 3rd person singular

Root: jan (class 4)

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternally, constantly, always

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, perpetual, constant, regular, always

अव्ययः (avyayaḥ) - imperishable, unchangeable, undiminishing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyaya

avyaya - imperishable, immutable, undiminishing, indeclinable (grammatically)

Negative prefix 'a' + 'vyaya' (perishable/expendable)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• vyaya – perishable, expense, decay, loss
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vyay

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

अव्ययात्मकः (avyayātmakaḥ) - of imperishable nature, whose self is imperishable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avyayātmaka

avyayātmaka - of imperishable nature, whose self is imperishable, having an imperishable essence

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avyaya+ātman)

• avyaya – imperishable, immutable
  adjective (masculine)
  Negative prefix 'a' + 'vyaya'
  Prefix: a
• ātman – Self, soul, essential nature, essence
  noun (masculine)