महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-233, verse-19

तमो रजश्च सत्त्वं च विद्धि जीवगुणानिमान् ।
जीवमात्मगुणं विद्यादात्मानं परमात्मनः ॥१९॥

19. tamo rajaśca sattvaṁ ca viddhi jīvaguṇānimān ,
jīvamātmaguṇaṁ vidyādātmānaṁ paramātmanaḥ.

19. tamaḥ rajaḥ ca sattvam ca viddhi jīva-guṇān imān
jīvam ātma-guṇam vidyāt ātmānam paramātmanaḥ

19. imān tamaḥ rajaḥ ca sattvam ca jīva-guṇān viddhi.
jīvam ātma-guṇam vidyāt,
ātmānam paramātmanaḥ (guṇam vidyāt)

19. Understand these qualities—inertia (tamas), passion (rajas), and goodness (sattva)—as attributes of the individual soul (jīva). One should know the individual soul (jīva) to be an attribute of the [higher] Self (ātman), and the Self (ātman) to be an attribute of the Supreme Self (paramātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, inertia

• रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, dust

• च (ca) - and, also

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, existence, essence

• च (ca) - and, also

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• जीव-गुणान् (jīva-guṇān) - qualities of the individual soul (jīva)

• इमान् (imān) - these

• जीवम् (jīvam) - the individual soul (jīva)

• आत्म-गुणम् (ātma-guṇam) - a quality of the self (ātman)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self (ātman), the soul

• परमात्मनः (paramātmanaḥ) - of the Supreme Self (paramātman)

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, inertia

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia (tamas)

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, activity, dust

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust (rajas)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, existence, essence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, clarity (sattva)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

जीव-गुणान् (jīva-guṇān) - qualities of the individual soul (jīva)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jīva-guṇa

jīva-guṇa - quality of the individual soul

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+guṇa)

• jīva – individual soul, living being (jīva)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (guṇa)
  noun (masculine)

इमान् (imān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

जीवम् (jīvam) - the individual soul (jīva)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - individual soul, living being (jīva)

Root: jīv (class 1)

आत्म-गुणम् (ātma-guṇam) - a quality of the self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātma-guṇa

ātma-guṇa - a quality of the self

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ātman+guṇa)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (guṇa)
  noun (masculine)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should know, one should understand

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self (ātman), the soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit (ātman)

परमात्मनः (paramātmanaḥ) - of the Supreme Self (paramātman)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of paramātman

paramātman - Supreme Self (paramātman)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ātman)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)