महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-233, verse-11

कर्मणः फलमाप्नोति सुखदुःखे भवाभवौ ।
विद्यया तदवाप्नोति यत्र गत्वा न शोचति ॥११॥

11. karmaṇaḥ phalamāpnoti sukhaduḥkhe bhavābhavau ,
vidyayā tadavāpnoti yatra gatvā na śocati.

11. karmaṇaḥ phalam āpnoti sukhaduḥkhe bhavābhavau
vidyayā tat avāpnoti yatra gatvā na śocati

11. One obtains the fruits of action (karma)—pleasure and pain, as well as birth and death. But through knowledge, one attains that state where, having gone, one does not grieve.

Words meanings summery:

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, from action, by action (karma)

• फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

• सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasure and pain

• भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and death

• विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through knowledge

• तत् (tat) - that state (that)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

• यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

• गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

• न (na) - not, no

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves, mourns, laments

Words meanings and morphology

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, from action, by action (karma)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, ritual, work, fate

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can imply 'from' or 'of'.

फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward

Note: Object of 'āpnoti'.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āpnū

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied, 'one'.

सुखदुःखे (sukhaduḥkhe) - pleasure and pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, dual of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, ease
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – pain, suffering, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dual accusative of compound noun.

भवाभवौ (bhavābhavau) - existence and non-existence, birth and death

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bhavābhava

bhavābhava - existence and non-existence, birth and death

Compound type : dvandva (bhava+abhava)

• bhava – being, existence, birth, becoming
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhū'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhava – non-existence, non-being, absence of birth
  noun (masculine)
  Negative compound with 'na'
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Dual accusative of compound noun.

विद्यया (vidyayā) - by knowledge, through knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Indicates the means of attainment.

तत् (tat) - that state (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the state where one does not grieve.

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avāpnū

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject is implied, 'one'.

यत्र (yatra) - where, in which place

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

गत्वा (gatvā) - having gone, having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'gam' with suffix '-tvā'

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Conveys prior action.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'śocati'.

शोचति (śocati) - grieves, mourns, laments

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śoc

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied, 'one'.