महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-233, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
इत्युक्तः प्रत्युवाचेदं पराशरसुतः सुतम् ।
कर्मविद्यामयावेतौ व्याख्यास्यामि क्षराक्षरौ ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
ityuktaḥ pratyuvācedaṁ parāśarasutaḥ sutam ,
karmavidyāmayāvetau vyākhyāsyāmi kṣarākṣarau.

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ pratyuvāca idam parāśarasutaḥ
sutam karmavidyāmayau etau vyākhyāsyāmi kṣarākṣarau

3. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca iti uktaḥ parāśarasutaḥ sutam idam
pratyuvāca etau karmavidyāmayau kṣarākṣarau vyākhyāsyāmi

3. Bhishma said: Being thus addressed, the son of Parashara replied to his son, 'I shall explain to you these two—the perishable and the imperishable—which are intrinsically linked to action (karma) and knowledge.'

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

• इदम् (idam) - this (reply) (this, this matter)

• पराशरसुतः (parāśarasutaḥ) - the son of Parashara (Vyasa) (son of Parashara)

• सुतम् (sutam) - to his son (to the son)

• कर्मविद्यामयौ (karmavidyāmayau) - comprised of action (karma) and knowledge (made of action and knowledge, consisting of action and knowledge)

• एतौ (etau) - these two

• व्याख्यास्यामि (vyākhyāsyāmi) - I shall explain (I will explain, I will describe)

• क्षराक्षरौ (kṣarākṣarau) - the perishable and the imperishable

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper noun), formidable

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, P.P. (Parasmaipada) of root vac-

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root vac- (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies the subject (Parāśarasutaḥ).

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice, P.P. (Parasmaipada) of root vac- with prefix prati-

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this (reply) (this, this matter)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of 'pratyuvāca'.

पराशरसुतः (parāśarasutaḥ) - the son of Parashara (Vyasa) (son of Parashara)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśarasuta

parāśarasuta - son of Parashara

Compound type : genitive tatpuruṣa (parāśara+suta)

• parāśara – Parashara (a sage)
  proper noun (masculine)
• suta – son
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)

सुतम् (sutam) - to his son (to the son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Object of communication.

कर्मविद्यामयौ (karmavidyāmayau) - comprised of action (karma) and knowledge (made of action and knowledge, consisting of action and knowledge)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of karmavidyāmaya

karmavidyāmaya - consisting of or pervaded by action and knowledge

Bahuvrīhi compound, from karma, vidyā, and suffix -maya

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (karma+vidyā+maya)

• karma – action, deed, ritual action, fate
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vidyā – knowledge, learning, science
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vid (class 2)
• maya – made of, consisting of, full of
  suffix (masculine)
  Suffix indicating 'made of' or 'consisting of'

Note: Dual nominative, agreeing with 'etau kṣarākṣarau'.

एतौ (etau) - these two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to 'kṣarākṣarau'.

व्याख्यास्यामि (vyākhyāsyāmi) - I shall explain (I will explain, I will describe)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of khyā

future active

1st person singular, future tense, active voice, P.P. (Parasmaipada) of root khyā- with prefixes vi- and ā-

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

क्षराक्षरौ (kṣarākṣarau) - the perishable and the imperishable

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of kṣarākṣara

kṣarākṣara - the perishable and the imperishable

Compound type : dvandva (kṣara+akṣara)

• kṣara – perishable, decaying, transient
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṣar (to flow, to perish)
  Root: kṣar (class 1)
• akṣara – imperishable, immutable, indestructible
  adjective (masculine)
  Negation of kṣara: a-kṣara
  Root: kṣar (class 1)

Note: Dual accusative, objects of 'vyākhyāsyāmi'.