महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-229, verse-20

प्रवक्तॄणि द्वयान्याहुरात्मज्ञानीतराणि च ।
आत्मज्ञानि विशिष्टानि जन्माजन्मोपधारणात् ॥२०॥

20. pravaktṝṇi dvayānyāhurātmajñānītarāṇi ca ,
ātmajñāni viśiṣṭāni janmājanmopadhāraṇāt.

20. pravaktṝṇi dvayāni āhuḥ ātmajñāni itarāṇi
ca ātmajñāni viśiṣṭāni janmājanmopadhāraṇāt

20. pravaktṝṇi dvayāni āhuḥ ātmajñāni ca itarāṇi
ca ātmajñāni janmājanmopadhāraṇāt viśiṣṭāni

20. They declare there are two types of expounders: those who possess knowledge of the self (ātman) and others. Among these, those who know the self (ātman) are considered superior due to their comprehension of the cycle of birth and rebirth (saṃsāra) and liberation (mokṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रवक्तॄणि (pravaktṝṇi) - expounders, speakers, declarers (of doctrines)

• द्वयानि (dvayāni) - twofold, of two kinds, pairs

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they tell

• आत्मज्ञानि (ātmajñāni) - knowers of the self (ātman), those possessing self-knowledge

• इतराणि (itarāṇi) - others, the other ones

• च (ca) - and, also

• आत्मज्ञानि (ātmajñāni) - knowers of the self (ātman), those possessing self-knowledge

• विशिष्टानि (viśiṣṭāni) - distinguished, superior, special, excellent

• जन्माजन्मोपधारणात् (janmājanmopadhāraṇāt) - from the comprehension of the cycle of birth and rebirth (saṃsāra) and liberation (mokṣa) (from the understanding/comprehension of birth and non-birth/liberation)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रवक्तॄणि (pravaktṝṇi) - expounders, speakers, declarers (of doctrines)

(noun)

neuter, plural of pravaktṛ

pravaktṛ - speaker, expounder, orator, teacher

agent noun

formed from pra-vac + tṛc suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

द्वयानि (dvayāni) - twofold, of two kinds, pairs

(adjective)

neuter, plural of dvaya

dvaya - pair, couple, twofold, of two kinds

from dvi (two) + yac suffix

Note: Used substantively here.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare, they tell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect indicative (Lit) of āhuḥ

perfect indicative

perfect 3rd person plural of root ah (or brū, often interchangeable)

Root: ah (class 2)

आत्मज्ञानि (ātmajñāni) - knowers of the self (ātman), those possessing self-knowledge

(adjective)

neuter, plural of ātmajña

ātmajña - knowing the soul or self; a knower of the soul/self

compound of ātman and jña

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+jña)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent suffix
  from root jñā + a suffix
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used substantively here.

इतराणि (itarāṇi) - others, the other ones

(adjective)

neuter, plural of itara

itara - other, another, different, the rest

Note: Used substantively here.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आत्मज्ञानि (ātmajñāni) - knowers of the self (ātman), those possessing self-knowledge

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of ātmajña

ātmajña - knowing the soul or self; a knower of the soul/self

compound of ātman and jña

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+jña)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent suffix
  from root jñā + a suffix
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used substantively here, as the subject of 'are superior'.

विशिष्टानि (viśiṣṭāni) - distinguished, superior, special, excellent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of viśiṣṭa

viśiṣṭa - distinguished, excellent, superior, specific, peculiar

Past Passive Participle

from vi-śiṣ (to distinguish, specify)

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

जन्माजन्मोपधारणात् (janmājanmopadhāraṇāt) - from the comprehension of the cycle of birth and rebirth (saṃsāra) and liberation (mokṣa) (from the understanding/comprehension of birth and non-birth/liberation)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of janmājanmopadhāraṇa

janmājanmopadhāraṇa - understanding of birth and non-birth (or birth and liberation)

Compound type : tatpurusha (janma+ajanma+upadhāraṇa)

• janma – birth, production, existence, life
  noun (neuter)
  from root jan
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ajanma – non-birth, freedom from birth, not born, eternal
  noun (neuter)
  negation of janma
  Prefix: a
• upadhāraṇa – comprehension, understanding, ascertainment
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  from upa-dhṛ + lyuṭ suffix
  Prefix: upa
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)