महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-229, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
अथ ज्ञानप्लवं धीरो गृहीत्वा शान्तिमास्थितः ।
उन्मज्जंश्च निमज्जंश्च ज्ञानमेवाभिसंश्रयेत् ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
atha jñānaplavaṁ dhīro gṛhītvā śāntimāsthitaḥ ,
unmajjaṁśca nimajjaṁśca jñānamevābhisaṁśrayet.

1. vyāsa uvāca atha jñānaplavam dhīraḥ gṛhītvā śāntim
āsthitaḥ unmajjan ca nimajjan ca jñānam eva abhisaṃśrayet

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca atha dhīraḥ jñānaplavam gṛhītvā śāntim
āsthitaḥ unmajjan ca nimajjan ca jñānam eva abhisaṃśrayet

1. Vyasa said: Now, a wise and steady person, having taken the boat of knowledge (jñāna) and established in peace (śānti), should seek refuge in knowledge (jñāna) alone, whether rising or sinking (in life's circumstances).

Words meanings summery:

• व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyasa (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• ज्ञानप्लवम् (jñānaplavam) - the boat of knowledge (jñāna) (accusative)

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise, steady, firm, patient

• गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having grasped

• शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, quietude (accusative)

• आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - abiding, established, situated, resorted to

• उन्मज्जन् (unmajjan) - rising, emerging, coming out of water

• च (ca) - and, also

• निमज्जन् (nimajjan) - sinking, immersing, diving

• च (ca) - and, also

• ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, spiritual wisdom (accusative)

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• अभिसंश्रयेत् (abhisaṁśrayet) - should take refuge in, should resort to

Words meanings and morphology

व्यास (vyāsa) - Vyasa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a revered sage, traditionally the compiler of the Mahabharata and Puranas)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative (Lit)

3rd person singular, perfect tense (liṭ), active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानप्लवम् (jñānaplavam) - the boat of knowledge (jñāna) (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñānaplawa

jñānaplawa - boat of knowledge, knowledge as a raft

Compound: jñāna + plava

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+plava)

• jñāna – knowledge, spiritual wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  from root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• plava – boat, raft, float
  noun (masculine)
  from root plu (to float)
  Root: plu (class 1)

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - wise, steady, firm, patient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, steady, firm, courageous, patient

गृहीत्वा (gṛhītvā) - having taken, having grasped

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

formed from root gṛh (to take) with suffix -tvā

Root: gṛh (class 9)

शान्तिम् (śāntim) - peace, tranquility, quietude (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śānti

śānti - peace, tranquility, quietude, cessation, calm

from root śam (to be calm)

Root: śam (class 4)

आस्थितः (āsthitaḥ) - abiding, established, situated, resorted to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āsthita

āsthita - abiding, established, situated, resorted to

Past Passive Participle

from root sthā (to stand) with prefix ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `dhīraḥ`.

उन्मज्जन् (unmajjan) - rising, emerging, coming out of water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmajjan

unmajjan - rising, emerging, coming up, coming out of water

Present Active Participle

from root majj (to sink) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: majj (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

निमज्जन् (nimajjan) - sinking, immersing, diving

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nimajjan

nimajjan - sinking, immersing, diving, going down

Present Active Participle

from root majj (to sink) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: majj (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

ज्ञानम् (jñānam) - knowledge, spiritual wisdom (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jñāna

jñāna - knowledge, spiritual wisdom, understanding

from root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

अभिसंश्रयेत् (abhisaṁśrayet) - should take refuge in, should resort to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of abhisaṃśrī

Optative Active

3rd person singular, optative mood, active voice, from root śrī (to resort to) with prefixes abhi- and sam-

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: śrī (class 1)