महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-213, verse-6

तेजो दमेन ध्रियते न तत्तीक्ष्णोऽधिगच्छति ।
अमित्रांश्च बहून्नित्यं पृथगात्मनि पश्यति ॥६॥

6. tejo damena dhriyate na tattīkṣṇo'dhigacchati ,
amitrāṁśca bahūnnityaṁ pṛthagātmani paśyati.

6. tejaḥ damena dhriyate na tat tīkṣṇaḥ adhigacchati
amitrān ca bahūn nityam pṛthak ātmani paśyati

6. tejaḥ damena dhriyate tīkṣṇaḥ tat na adhigacchati (saḥ
tīkṣṇaḥ) ca nityam bahūn amitrān ātmani pṛthak paśyati

6. Spiritual power (tejas) is maintained through self-control (dama); an aggressive person does not attain it. Instead, such a person constantly perceives many enemies as distinct from their own self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - spiritual power, brilliance, vigor

• दमेन (damena) - by self-control, through restraint

• ध्रियते (dhriyate) - is held, is sustained, is maintained

• न (na) - not

• तत् (tat) - that (spiritual power/brilliance) (that)

• तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - a sharp, fierce, aggressive, harsh person

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, comprehends, masters

• अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

• च (ca) - and

• बहून् (bahūn) - many

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, apart

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - in their own self (as distinct from the enemies) (in the self, in oneself, in the individual soul)

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

Words meanings and morphology

तेजः (tejaḥ) - spiritual power, brilliance, vigor

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, light, fire, spiritual power, energy, virility

Note: Subject of passive verb.

दमेन (damena) - by self-control, through restraint

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation of the senses; a horse-tamer

Derived from root `dam` (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Means of action.

ध्रियते (dhriyate) - is held, is sustained, is maintained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dhṛ

Passive

From root `dhṛ` (to hold), passive form

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

तत् (tat) - that (spiritual power/brilliance) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Neuter nominative/accusative singular of demonstrative pronoun `tad`

तीक्ष्णः (tīkṣṇaḥ) - a sharp, fierce, aggressive, harsh person

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, fierce, cruel, harsh

Root: tikṣ

Note: Subject of `adhigacchati`.

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, reaches, comprehends, masters

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Verb `gam` with preverb `adhi`

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)

अमित्रान् (amitrān) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amitra

amitra - enemy, foe (compound: a-mitra, non-friend)

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound: `a` (not) + `mitra` (friend)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mitra)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `paśyati`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

बहून् (bahūn) - many

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant

Note: Agrees with `amitrān`.

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, distinctly, apart

(indeclinable)

Adverb

Root: pṛth

Note: Modifies the perception of `amitrān`.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - in their own self (as distinct from the enemies) (in the self, in oneself, in the individual soul)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul (ātman), the Supreme Soul

Root: an

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

From root `dṛś` (to see), present stem paśya-

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `tīkṣṇaḥ` (implied from the previous clause).