महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-213, verse-4

दमस्तेजो वर्धयति पवित्रं दम उच्यते ।
विपाप्मा निर्भयो दान्तः पुरुषो विन्दते महत् ॥४॥

4. damastejo vardhayati pavitraṁ dama ucyate ,
vipāpmā nirbhayo dāntaḥ puruṣo vindate mahat.

4. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati pavitram damaḥ ucyate
vipāpmā nirbhayaḥ dāntaḥ puruṣaḥ vindate mahat

4. damaḥ tejaḥ vardhayati damaḥ pavitram ucyate
vipāpmā nirbhayaḥ dāntaḥ puruṣaḥ mahat vindate

4. Self-control (dama) enhances spiritual brilliance and is considered pure. A person (puruṣa) who is free from sin, fearless, and self-controlled achieves greatness.

Words meanings summery:

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint, subjugation of the senses

• तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, splendor, vigor, spiritual power

• वर्धयति (vardhayati) - increases, promotes, nourishes

• पवित्रम् (pavitram) - pure, sacred, holy; a purifier

• दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

• विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from evil

• निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless, free from fear

• दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, patient

• पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, individual; the cosmic person

• विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gains

• महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement or state) (great, large, supreme, important thing/state)

Words meanings and morphology

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint, subjugation of the senses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation of the senses; a horse-tamer

Derived from root `dam` (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

तेजः (tejaḥ) - brilliance, splendor, vigor, spiritual power

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, light, fire, spiritual power, energy, virility

वर्धयति (vardhayati) - increases, promotes, nourishes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛdh

Causative

From root `vṛdh` (to grow), causative stem vardhay-

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

पवित्रम् (pavitram) - pure, sacred, holy; a purifier

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pavitra

pavitra - pure, sacred, holy, clean; a purifier, a strainer

From root `pū` (to purify)

Root: pū (class 1)

दमः (damaḥ) - self-control, restraint

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dama

dama - self-control, restraint, subjugation of the senses; a horse-tamer

Derived from root `dam` (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Passive

From root `vac`, passive form

Root: vac (class 2)

विपाप्मा (vipāpmā) - sinless, free from evil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipāpman

vipāpman - free from sin, sinless

Bahuvrihi compound: `vi` (without) + `pāpman` (sin)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+pāpman)

• vi – without, free from, apart
  indeclinable
• pāpman – sin, evil, vice
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣaḥ`.

निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless, free from fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirbhaya

nirbhaya - fearless, intrepid, safe

Bahuvrihi compound: `nir` (without) + `bhaya` (fear)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+bhaya)

• nis – out, forth, without
  indeclinable
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣaḥ`.

दान्तः (dāntaḥ) - self-controlled, subdued, patient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dānta

dānta - tamed, subdued, self-controlled, patient

Past Passive Participle

From root `dam` (to tame, subdue)

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `puruṣaḥ`.

पुरुषः (puruṣaḥ) - person, human being, individual; the cosmic person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, individual, the cosmic person (puruṣa)

विन्दते (vindate) - obtains, finds, gains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

From root `vid` (to find), atmanepada form

Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Atmanepada.

महत् (mahat) - greatness (as an achievement or state) (great, large, supreme, important thing/state)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important; a great thing, the cosmic intellect (mahat-tattva)

Present Active Participle (from mah - to be great) or simply an adjective

A primary adjective.

Root: mah (class 1)