महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-213, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
किं कुर्वन्सुखमाप्नोति किं कुर्वन्दुःखमाप्नुते ।
किं कुर्वन्निर्भयो लोके सिद्धश्चरति भारत ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kiṁ kurvansukhamāpnoti kiṁ kurvanduḥkhamāpnute ,
kiṁ kurvannirbhayo loke siddhaścarati bhārata.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kim kurvan sukham āpnoti kim kurvan duḥkham
āpnute kim kurvan nirbhayaḥ loke siddhaḥ carati bhārata

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca bhārata kim kurvan sukham āpnoti kim kurvan
duḥkham āpnute kim kurvan loke nirbhayaḥ siddhaḥ carati

1. Yudhishthira asked: 'By doing what does a person attain happiness, and by doing what does one experience sorrow? O Bhārata, by doing what does one move fearlessly in the world as a perfected being (siddha)?'

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

• आप्नुते (āpnute) - attains, obtains, reaches

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

• निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless, brave

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - perfected, accomplished, realized one

• चरति (carati) - acts, moves, lives, behaves

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Bhishma) (O descendant of Bharata (term of address, here for Bhishma))

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (past) (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

from kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness, joy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, comfort, ease

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - attains, obtains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

from kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, suffering, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery

आप्नुते (āpnute) - attains, obtains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of āp

Prefix: ā

Root: āp (class 5)

किम् (kim) - what, why

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, performing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

from kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निर्भयः (nirbhayaḥ) - fearless, brave

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirbhaya

nirbhaya - fearless, intrepid

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+bhaya)

• nis – out, without, free from (prefix)
  indeclinable
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

सिद्धः (siddhaḥ) - perfected, accomplished, realized one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siddha

siddha - perfected, accomplished, successful, a perfected being (siddha)

Past Passive Participle

from sidh (to accomplish, succeed)

Root: sidh (class 4)

चरति (carati) - acts, moves, lives, behaves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (addressing Bhishma) (O descendant of Bharata (term of address, here for Bhishma))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, an Indian, a scion of Bharata