महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-209, verse-18

सत्त्वं रजस्तमश्चेति देवासुरगुणान्विदुः ।
सत्त्वं देवगुणं विद्यादितरावासुरौ गुणौ ॥१८॥

18. sattvaṁ rajastamaśceti devāsuraguṇānviduḥ ,
sattvaṁ devaguṇaṁ vidyāditarāvāsurau guṇau.

18. sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ ca iti devāsuraguṇān viduḥ
| sattvam devaguṇam vidyāt itarau āsurau guṇau

18. sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ ca iti devāsuraguṇān viduḥ
sattvam devaguṇam vidyāt itarau guṇau āsurau

18. They know sattva, rajas, and tamas as the inherent qualities (guṇas) of gods and asuras. One should understand sattva as the divine quality, while the other two are the asuric qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (guṇa) (purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas)

• रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas (guṇa) (passion, activity, dust, one of the three guṇas)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas (guṇa) (darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• इति (iti) - thus (indicating enumeration) (thus, so, in this way, indicating a quotation or enumeration)

• देवासुरगुणान् (devāsuraguṇān) - the qualities (guṇas) of gods and asuras (the qualities of gods and asuras)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (they know, they understand)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (guṇa) (purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas)

• देवगुणम् (devaguṇam) - the divine quality (divine quality, quality of a god)

• विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

• इतरौ (itarau) - the other two

• आसुरौ (āsurau) - asuric (demonic, asuric)

• गुणौ (guṇau) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (guṇa) (purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas

रजः (rajaḥ) - rajas (guṇa) (passion, activity, dust, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, one of the three guṇas

तमः (tamaḥ) - tamas (guṇa) (darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, gloom, one of the three guṇas

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus (indicating enumeration) (thus, so, in this way, indicating a quotation or enumeration)

(indeclinable)

देवासुरगुणान् (devāsuraguṇān) - the qualities (guṇas) of gods and asuras (the qualities of gods and asuras)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of devāsuraguṇa

devāsuraguṇa - qualities of gods and asuras

Compound type : dvandva (deva+asura+guṇa)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, anti-god, mighty one
  noun (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, thread (guṇa)
  noun (masculine)

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - sattva (guṇa) (purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - purity, goodness, essence, being, one of the three guṇas

देवगुणम् (devaguṇam) - the divine quality (divine quality, quality of a god)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devaguṇa

devaguṇa - divine quality, quality of a god

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+guṇa)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent, thread (guṇa)
  noun (masculine)

विद्यात् (vidyāt) - one should understand (one should know, one should understand)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

इतरौ (itarau) - the other two

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of itara

itara - other, different

आसुरौ (āsurau) - asuric (demonic, asuric)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of āsura

āsura - relating to asuras, demonic, mighty

Derived from asura (demon).

गुणौ (guṇau) - qualities (guṇas) (qualities, attributes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, thread (guṇa)