महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-209, verse-17

तपो ह्यधिष्ठितं देवैस्तपोघ्नमसुरैस्तमः ।
एतद्देवासुरैर्गुप्तं तदाहुर्ज्ञानलक्षणम् ॥१७॥

17. tapo hyadhiṣṭhitaṁ devaistapoghnamasuraistamaḥ ,
etaddevāsurairguptaṁ tadāhurjñānalakṣaṇam.

17. tapaḥ hi adhiṣṭhitam devaiḥ tapasghnam asuraiḥ tamaḥ
| etat devāsuraiḥ guptam tat āhuḥ jñānalakṣaṇam

17. hi tapaḥ devaiḥ adhiṣṭhitam asuraiḥ tapasghnam
tamaḥ etat devāsuraiḥ guptam tat jñānalakṣaṇam āhuḥ

17. Indeed, asceticism (tapas) is supported by the gods, while darkness, which obstructs asceticism (tapas), is (associated) with the asuras. This (principle) is protected by both gods and asuras; they declare that this is the characteristic of knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, penance, heat)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• अधिष्ठितम् (adhiṣṭhitam) - supported (supported, based on, presided over, occupied)

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

• तपस्घ्नम् (tapasghnam) - obstructs asceticism (tapas) (destroying asceticism, obstructing penance)

• असुरैः (asuraiḥ) - by the asuras (by the asuras, by the demons)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance, gloom)

• एतत् (etat) - this (principle) (this)

• देवासुरैः (devāsuraiḥ) - by both gods and asuras (by gods and asuras)

• गुप्तम् (guptam) - protected (guarded, protected, hidden, secret)

• तत् (tat) - that (principle) (that, that one)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they call)

• ज्ञानलक्षणम् (jñānalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic of knowledge (characteristic of knowledge, mark of wisdom)

Words meanings and morphology

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (asceticism, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity, heat

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

अधिष्ठितम् (adhiṣṭhitam) - supported (supported, based on, presided over, occupied)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhiṣṭhita

adhiṣṭhita - supported, based on, presided over, governed, occupied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with upasarga adhi.

Prefix: adhi

Root: sthā (class 1)

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by the gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

तपस्घ्नम् (tapasghnam) - obstructs asceticism (tapas) (destroying asceticism, obstructing penance)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapasghna

tapasghna - destroying or obstructing asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+ghna)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity, heat
  noun (neuter)
• ghna – killing, destroying, removing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root han (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

असुरैः (asuraiḥ) - by the asuras (by the asuras, by the demons)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, mighty one

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness (darkness, ignorance, gloom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, gloom, one of the three guṇas

एतत् (etat) - this (principle) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

देवासुरैः (devāsuraiḥ) - by both gods and asuras (by gods and asuras)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of devāsura

devāsura - gods and asuras

Compound type : dvandva (deva+asura)

• deva – god, deity, divine being
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, anti-god, mighty one
  noun (masculine)

गुप्तम् (guptam) - protected (guarded, protected, hidden, secret)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gupta

gupta - guarded, protected, hidden, secret

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gup (to protect, hide).

Root: gup (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that (principle) (that, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, he, she, it

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare, they call)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of ah

Root: ah (class 2)

ज्ञानलक्षणम् (jñānalakṣaṇam) - the characteristic of knowledge (characteristic of knowledge, mark of wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jñānalakṣaṇa

jñānalakṣaṇa - characteristic of knowledge, sign of wisdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+lakṣaṇa)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, definition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)