महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-196, verse-19

उत्पत्तिवृद्धिव्ययतो यथा स इति गृह्यते ।
चन्द्र एव त्वमावास्यां तथा भवति मूर्तिमान् ॥१९॥

19. utpattivṛddhivyayato yathā sa iti gṛhyate ,
candra eva tvamāvāsyāṁ tathā bhavati mūrtimān.

19. utpattivṛddhivyayataḥ yathā saḥ iti gṛhyate
candraḥ eva tvam amāvāsyām tathā bhavati mūrtimān

19. yathā saḥ utpattivṛddhivyayataḥ iti gṛhyate,
tathā tvam amāvāsyām mūrtimān bhavati candraḥ eva

19. Just as the moon is understood through its origination, growth, and disappearance, similarly, you (the ātman) become embodied (mūrtimān) on the new moon day.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्पत्तिवृद्धिव्ययतः (utpattivṛddhivyayataḥ) - from origination, growth, and destruction; by origin, growth, and decay

• यथा (yathā) - just as, in the manner that

• सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the moon) (he, that)

• इति (iti) - indicates the manner in which something is perceived (thus, so, indicating direct speech or a thought)

• गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is perceived, is understood, is taken

• चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (the individual self, ātman) (you)

• अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so too, thus

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, appears

• मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - embodied, having a form, manifest

Words meanings and morphology

उत्पत्तिवृद्धिव्ययतः (utpattivṛddhivyayataḥ) - from origination, growth, and destruction; by origin, growth, and decay

(indeclinable)

Compound type : dvandva (utpatti+vṛddhi+vyaya)

• utpatti – origination, production, birth
  noun (feminine)
  From ut-pad (to arise)
  Prefix: ut
  Root: pad (class 4)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  From vṛdh (to grow)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)
• vyaya – expenditure, destruction, disappearance
  noun (masculine)
  From vi-i (to go apart)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: The 'tas' suffix makes the noun an adverbial indeclinable, indicating 'from' or 'by means of'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, in the manner that

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (referring to the moon) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Masculine singular nominative of 'tad'.

इति (iti) - indicates the manner in which something is perceived (thus, so, indicating direct speech or a thought)

(indeclinable)

गृह्यते (gṛhyate) - is perceived, is understood, is taken

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of grah

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Passive voice, 3rd person singular present tense.

चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, luminous, shining

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (the individual self, ātman) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: 2nd person singular nominative pronoun. Here it refers to the individual self (ātman).

अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā

amāvāsyā - new moon day

Note: Accusative case is often used to denote a specific time.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so too, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to 'yathā'.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

मूर्तिमान् (mūrtimān) - embodied, having a form, manifest

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrtimat

mūrtimat - having a body, embodied, having a form, manifest

Suffixed with -mat from mūrti

Note: Qualifies 'tvam' (you).