महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-196, verse-16

क्षीणकोशो ह्यमावास्यां चन्द्रमा न प्रकाशते ।
तद्वन्मूर्तिवियुक्तः सञ्शरीरी नोपलभ्यते ॥१६॥

16. kṣīṇakośo hyamāvāsyāṁ candramā na prakāśate ,
tadvanmūrtiviyuktaḥ sañśarīrī nopalabhyate.

16. kṣīṇakośaḥ hi amāvāsyām candramā na prakāśate
tadvat mūrtiviyuktaḥ san śarīrī na upalabhyate

16. hi amāvāsyām kṣīṇakośaḥ candramā na prakāśate.
tadvat mūrtiviyuktaḥ san śarīrī na upalabhyate.

16. Indeed, on the new moon day, the moon, with its light (kośa) diminished, does not shine forth. Similarly, an embodied being (śarīrin), when separated from a physical form (mūrti), is not perceived.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षीणकोशः (kṣīṇakośaḥ) - the moon whose light is diminished (on new moon day) (whose sheath/light is diminished, with diminished power)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

• चन्द्रमा (candramā) - the moon

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, becomes visible

• तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner

• मूर्तिवियुक्तः (mūrtiviyuktaḥ) - separated from a body/form

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• शरीरी (śarīrī) - the embodied being, the soul

• न (na) - not, no

• उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived, is found, is obtained

Words meanings and morphology

क्षीणकोशः (kṣīṇakośaḥ) - the moon whose light is diminished (on new moon day) (whose sheath/light is diminished, with diminished power)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣīṇakośa

kṣīṇakośa - whose sheath/treasury/light is diminished; emaciated; impoverished

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣīṇa+kośa)

• kṣīṇa – diminished, wasted, worn out, destroyed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṣi' (to decay, perish).
  Root: kṣi (class 5)
• kośa – sheath, treasury, container, bud, light (of a heavenly body)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'candramā'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā

amāvāsyā - new moon day

चन्द्रमा (candramā) - the moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candramas

candramas - the moon

Nominative singular form of 'candramas'.

Note: Synonymous with 'candra'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रकाशते (prakāśate) - shines, appears, becomes visible

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prakāś

Present Active/Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada). Root 'kāś' with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in that manner

(indeclinable)

मूर्तिवियुक्तः (mūrtiviyuktaḥ) - separated from a body/form

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mūrtiviyukta

mūrtiviyukta - separated from a body/form

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mūrti+viyukta)

• mūrti – form, body, image, embodiment
  noun (feminine)
• viyukta – separated, disjoined, free from
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'yuj' (to join) with prefix 'vi' (apart).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'śarīrī'.

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, real, good

Present Active Participle

Masculine nominative singular of the present active participle of root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'śarīrī'.

शरीरी (śarīrī) - the embodied being, the soul

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śarīrin

śarīrin - one who has a body, embodied, living being, soul, individual self

Masculine nominative singular of 'śarīrin'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उपलभ्यते (upalabhyate) - is perceived, is found, is obtained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of upalabh

Present Passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice, middle ending. Root 'labh' with prefix 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: labh (class 1)