महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-196, verse-15

यथा चन्द्रो ह्यमावास्यामलिङ्गत्वान्न दृश्यते ।
न च नाशोऽस्य भवति तथा विद्धि शरीरिणम् ॥१५॥

15. yathā candro hyamāvāsyāmaliṅgatvānna dṛśyate ,
na ca nāśo'sya bhavati tathā viddhi śarīriṇam.

15. yathā candraḥ hi amāvāsyām aliṅgatvāt na dṛśyate
na ca nāśaḥ asya bhavati tathā viddhi śarīriṇam

15. yathā candraḥ hi amāvāsyām aliṅgatvāt na dṛśyate,
ca asya nāśaḥ na bhavati,
tathā śarīriṇam viddhi.

15. Just as the moon is indeed not seen on the new moon day due to its non-manifestation, and its destruction does not occur, similarly, understand the embodied being (śarīrin).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

• अलिङ्गत्वात् (aliṅgatvāt) - due to non-manifestation, due to lack of characteristics

• न (na) - not, no

• दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• नाशः (nāśaḥ) - destruction, disappearance

• अस्य (asya) - of the moon (of this, its)

• भवति (bhavati) - occurs, happens, is, exists

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• शरीरिणम् (śarīriṇam) - the embodied being, the soul

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, luminous, shining

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

अमावास्याम् (amāvāsyām) - on the new moon day

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of amāvāsyā

amāvāsyā - new moon day

अलिङ्गत्वात् (aliṅgatvāt) - due to non-manifestation, due to lack of characteristics

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of aliṅgatva

aliṅgatva - the state of being without distinguishing marks or characteristics, non-manifestation

Derived from 'aliṅga' (without marks) + suffix '-tva' (abstract noun).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+liṅga+tva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• liṅga – mark, sign, characteristic, manifestation
  noun (neuter)
• tva – suffix forming abstract nouns, -ness, -hood, -ity
  suffix (neuter)
  Nominal suffix, neuter gender.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

दृश्यते (dṛśyate) - is seen

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Passive

3rd person singular, present tense, passive voice, middle ending.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

नाशः (nāśaḥ) - destruction, disappearance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāśa

nāśa - destruction, ruin, disappearance, loss

From root 'naś' (to perish).

Root: naś (class 4)

अस्य (asya) - of the moon (of this, its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'candraḥ'.

भवति (bhavati) - occurs, happens, is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice.

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, thus, so

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active

2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice. Irregular imperative form of 'vid' (class 2).

Root: vid (class 2)

शरीरिणम् (śarīriṇam) - the embodied being, the soul

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śarīrin

śarīrin - one who has a body, embodied, living being, soul, individual self

From 'śarīra' (body) + suffix '-in' (possessing).