महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-188, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
हन्त वक्ष्यामि ते पार्थ ध्यानयोगं चतुर्विधम् ।
यं ज्ञात्वा शाश्वतीं सिद्धिं गच्छन्ति परमर्षयः ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
hanta vakṣyāmi te pārtha dhyānayogaṁ caturvidham ,
yaṁ jñātvā śāśvatīṁ siddhiṁ gacchanti paramarṣayaḥ.

1. bhīṣma uvāca hanta vakṣyāmi te pārtha dhyānayogam caturvidham
yam jñātvā śāśvatīm siddhim gacchanti paramarṣayaḥ

1. bhīṣma uvāca hanta pārtha,
te caturvidham dhyānayogam vakṣyāmi yam jñātvā paramarṣayaḥ śāśvatīm siddhim gacchanti

1. Bhishma said: "Indeed, O Partha, I will explain to you the fourfold practice of meditative union (dhyānayoga). Having understood which, the great sages attain eternal perfection."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• हन्त (hanta) - indeed, well then (interjection expressing resolve or emphasis) (indeed, oh!, alas!, well then)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will say, I will tell, I will explain

• ते (te) - to you (Arjuna) (to you, your)

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna)

• ध्यानयोगम् (dhyānayogam) - practice of meditative union (dhyānayoga) (meditative union, practice of meditation)

• चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

• यम् (yam) - which, whom

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

• शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

• सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - eternal perfection (perfection, accomplishment, success, liberation)

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they reach

• परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) form.

From root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

हन्त (hanta) - indeed, well then (interjection expressing resolve or emphasis) (indeed, oh!, alas!, well then)

(indeclinable)

Exclamatory particle.

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will say, I will tell, I will explain

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future tense.

From root vac (to speak), future stem vakṣya-.

Root: vac (class 2)

ते (te) - to you (Arjuna) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Enclitic form of 2nd person pronoun.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (son of Pritha (Kunti), Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā.

ध्यानयोगम् (dhyānayogam) - practice of meditative union (dhyānayoga) (meditative union, practice of meditation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhyānayoga

dhyānayoga - meditative union, profound meditation, contemplation

Compound of dhyāna (meditation) and yoga (union/practice).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhyāna+yoga)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation
  noun (neuter)
  From root dhyāi (to think, meditate).
  Root: dhyāi (class 1)
• yoga – union, connection, discipline, practice
  noun (masculine)
  From root yuj (to join, unite).
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Object of vakṣyāmi.

चतुर्विधम् (caturvidham) - fourfold, of four kinds

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caturvidha

caturvidha - fourfold, of four kinds

Compound of catur (four) and vidha (kind, sort).

Compound type : dvigu/tatpurusha (catur+vidha)

• catur – four
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

यम् (yam) - which, whom

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, having understood

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund).

Formed with suffix tvā.

Root: jñā (class 9)

शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śāśvatī

śāśvatī - eternal, everlasting, perpetual

Feminine form of śāśvat.

सिद्धिम् (siddhim) - eternal perfection (perfection, accomplishment, success, liberation)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - perfection, success, accomplishment, spiritual power, liberation

From root sidh (to succeed, attain).

Root: sidh (class 4)

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they attain, they reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam

Present tense, class 1 verb (with gacch stem).

From root gam (to go), present stem gaccha-.

Root: gam (class 1)

परमर्षयः (paramarṣayaḥ) - great sages, supreme rishis

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paramarṣi

paramarṣi - great sage, supreme rishi

Compound of parama (supreme, great) and ṛṣi (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+ṛṣi)

• parama – supreme, highest, ultimate, great
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)