महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-119, verse-7

यः प्रमाणमतिक्रम्य प्रतिलोमं नराधिपः ।
भृत्यान्स्थापयतेऽबुद्धिर्न स रञ्जयते प्रजाः ॥७॥

7. yaḥ pramāṇamatikramya pratilomaṁ narādhipaḥ ,
bhṛtyānsthāpayate'buddhirna sa rañjayate prajāḥ.

7. yaḥ pramāṇam atikramya pratilomaṃ narādhipaḥ
bhṛtyān sthāpayate abuddhiḥ na saḥ rañjayate prajāḥ

7. yaḥ abuddhiḥ narādhipaḥ pramāṇam atikramya bhṛtyān pratilomaṃ sthāpayate,
saḥ prajāḥ na rañjayate

7. That unwise king who, by transgressing proper standards, appoints servants in an unsuitable way, he does not please his subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - proper standards (standard, measure, authority, proper limit)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - by transgressing (having transgressed, having violated, having exceeded)

• प्रतिलोमं (pratilomaṁ) - in an unsuitable way (contrary, inverse, unsuitable)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

• भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants

• स्थापयते (sthāpayate) - appoints (appoints, places, establishes)

• अबुद्धिः (abuddhiḥ) - unwise (unwise, foolish, without understanding)

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• रञ्जयते (rañjayate) - pleases (pleases, gladdens, delights)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, progeny)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

प्रमाणम् (pramāṇam) - proper standards (standard, measure, authority, proper limit)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pramāṇa

pramāṇa - measure, standard, authority, proof, proper limit

From pra-mā (to measure).

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - by transgressing (having transgressed, having violated, having exceeded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from ati-kram (to step over, transgress) with suffix -ya.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

प्रतिलोमं (pratilomaṁ) - in an unsuitable way (contrary, inverse, unsuitable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pratiloma

pratiloma - against the hair or grain, inverted, contrary, unsuitable

Compound of prati (against) and loman (hair).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (prati+loman)

• prati – against, towards, for, in return
  indeclinable
• loman – hair (on the body), fur
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially here.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king, ruler of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (ruler).

Compound type : Tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, one to be maintained

From root bhṛ (to bear, support) with suffix -tya.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

स्थापयते (sthāpayate) - appoints (appoints, places, establishes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of sthāpayate

Causal verb

Causal form of root sthā (to stand).

Root: sthā (class 1)

अबुद्धिः (abuddhiḥ) - unwise (unwise, foolish, without understanding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abuddhi

abuddhi - lack of understanding, folly, unwise

Compound of a- (negative prefix) and buddhi (intellect).

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (a+buddhi)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From root budh (to know, understand).
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'narādhipaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रञ्जयते (rañjayate) - pleases (pleases, gladdens, delights)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of rañjayate

Causal verb

Causal form of root rañj (to be colored, pleased).

Root: rañj (class 1)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (subjects, people, progeny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, people, subjects, creatures

From pra-jan (to beget, produce).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)