महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-119, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
एवं शुनासमान्भृत्यान्स्वस्थाने यो नराधिपः ।
नियोजयति कृत्येषु स राज्यफलमश्नुते ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
evaṁ śunāsamānbhṛtyānsvasthāne yo narādhipaḥ ,
niyojayati kṛtyeṣu sa rājyaphalamaśnute.

1. bhīṣma uvāca evam śunāsamān bhṛtyān svasthāne yaḥ
narādhipaḥ niyojayati kṛtyeṣu saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute

1. bhīṣma uvāca yaḥ narādhipaḥ evam śunāsamān bhṛtyān
svasthāne kṛtyeṣu niyojayati saḥ rājyaphalam aśnute

1. Bhīṣma said: The king who thus assigns servants who are like dogs to their appropriate tasks in their proper places, he indeed enjoys the fruit of kingship.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• शुनासमान् (śunāsamān) - similar to dogs (loyal, obedient) (similar to dogs, dog-like)

• भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants (servants, retainers)

• स्वस्थाने (svasthāne) - in their proper place (in their own place, in a proper place)

• यः (yaḥ) - who (relative pronoun) (who, which)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (king, lord of men)

• नियोजयति (niyojayati) - assigns, employs (employs, assigns, appoints, directs)

• कृत्येषु (kṛtyeṣu) - for their duties/tasks (in duties, for tasks, for actions)

• सः (saḥ) - he (correlative pronoun) (he, that)

• राज्यफलम् (rājyaphalam) - the fruit of kingship (fruit of kingship, result of dominion)

• अश्नुते (aśnute) - enjoys (obtains, reaches, enjoys, partakes of)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma, the formidable one (from √bhīṣ "to frighten")

Root: bhīṣ (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'said'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Third person singular perfect active of √vac. Irregular form.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

शुनासमान् (śunāsamān) - similar to dogs (loyal, obedient) (similar to dogs, dog-like)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śunāsama

śunāsama - like a dog, similar to a dog

Compound formed from 'śvan' (dog) in instrumental case 'śunā' and 'sama' (similar). It is a tatpuruṣa or aluk samāsa.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+sama)

• śvan – dog
  noun (masculine)
• sama – similar, equal, same, like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bhṛtyān.

भृत्यान् (bhṛtyān) - servants (servants, retainers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, dependent, mercenary, to be maintained

Gerundive

From √bhṛ (to bear, support, maintain) with suffix -tya. Can mean "to be supported" or "one who is supported/servant".

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

स्वस्थाने (svasthāne) - in their proper place (in their own place, in a proper place)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svasthāna

svasthāna - one's own place, proper station, native place

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+sthāna)

• sva – one's own, self, own
  pronoun (masculine)
• sthāna – place, station, position, state
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who (relative pronoun) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Subject of niyojayati.

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - king (king, lord of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'yaḥ'.

नियोजयति (niyojayati) - assigns, employs (employs, assigns, appoints, directs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of yuj

Causative present active

Third person singular present active causative of √yuj with prefix ni-. Root √yuj (to join). The causative form means "causes to join/employ".

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

कृत्येषु (kṛtyeṣu) - for their duties/tasks (in duties, for tasks, for actions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kṛtya

kṛtya - duty, action, task, what is to be done

Gerundive

From √kṛ (to do) with suffix -tya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Denotes the sphere or purpose of employment.

सः (saḥ) - he (correlative pronoun) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of aśnute.

राज्यफलम् (rājyaphalam) - the fruit of kingship (fruit of kingship, result of dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājyaphala

rājyaphala - fruit of royalty, result of sovereignty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+phala)

• rājya – kingship, sovereignty, kingdom, dominion
  noun (neuter)
  From rājan (king) + -ya.
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of aśnute.

अश्नुते (aśnute) - enjoys (obtains, reaches, enjoys, partakes of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of aś

Present middle

Third person singular present middle (ātmanepada) of √aś (class 5).

Root: aś (class 5)