महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-81, verse-3

स गतः सुरवासं तं निवसन्मुदितः सुखम् ।
कालस्य नातिमहतः पुनः शक्रेण पातितः ॥३॥

3. sa gataḥ suravāsaṁ taṁ nivasanmuditaḥ sukham ,
kālasya nātimahataḥ punaḥ śakreṇa pātitaḥ.

3. sa gataḥ suravāsam tam nivasan muditaḥ sukham
kālasya na atimahataḥ punaḥ śakreṇa pātitaḥ

3. He went to that abode of the gods and lived there delightedly and happily. After not a very long time, he was again cast down by Śakra (Indra).

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• गतः (gataḥ) - went (to the abode of gods) (gone, reached, attained)

• सुरवासम् (suravāsam) - abode of gods, heaven

• तम् (tam) - referring to the abode of gods (that)

• निवसन् (nivasan) - residing, dwelling

• मुदितः (muditaḥ) - delighted, happy

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, with ease, pleasure

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

• न (na) - not, no

• अतिमहतः (atimahataḥ) - of not too long (a time) (of very long, of great (duration))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Śakra, by Indra

• पातितः (pātitaḥ) - cast down (from heaven) (thrown down, caused to fall)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गतः (gataḥ) - went (to the abode of gods) (gone, reached, attained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, gone to, obtained, reached, passed, dead

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

सुरवासम् (suravāsam) - abode of gods, heaven

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suravāsa

suravāsa - abode of gods, heaven

Compound type : tatpurusha (sura+vāsa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vas (class 1)

तम् (tam) - referring to the abode of gods (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निवसन् (nivasan) - residing, dwelling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nivasan

nivasan - residing, dwelling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vas (to dwell) with upasarga ni

Prefix: ni

Root: vas (class 1)

मुदितः (muditaḥ) - delighted, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mudita

mudita - delighted, gladdened, happy, joyful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mud (to rejoice)

Root: mud (class 1)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, with ease, pleasure

(indeclinable)

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, proper time, destiny

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अतिमहतः (atimahataḥ) - of not too long (a time) (of very long, of great (duration))

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of atimahat

atimahat - very great, exceedingly large, too long

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+mahat)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding, too much
  indeclinable
  Upasarga/prefix
• mahat – great, large, vast, powerful
  adjective

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

शक्रेण (śakreṇa) - by Śakra, by Indra

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Śakra (a name of Indra), mighty, powerful

Root: śak (class 5)

पातितः (pātitaḥ) - cast down (from heaven) (thrown down, caused to fall)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātita

pātita - thrown down, caused to fall, felled, disgraced

Past Passive Participle (Causative)

Derived from the causative stem of root pat (to fall)

Root: pat (class 1)