महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-81, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एवं स नाहुषो राजा ययातिः पुत्रमीप्सितम् ।
राज्येऽभिषिच्य मुदितो वानप्रस्थोऽभवन्मुनिः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
evaṁ sa nāhuṣo rājā yayātiḥ putramīpsitam ,
rājye'bhiṣicya mudito vānaprastho'bhavanmuniḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca evam sa nāhuṣaḥ rājā yayātiḥ putram
īpsitam rājye abhiṣicya muditaḥ vānaprasthaḥ abhavat muniḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Thus, King Yayāti, son of Nahusha, having joyfully consecrated his chosen son to the kingdom, became a forest-dwelling sage.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of this section of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• स (sa) - Refers to King Yayāti. (he, that)

• नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - King Yayāti, son of Nahusha. (son of Nahusha)

• राजा (rājā) - King Yayāti (king)

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The main subject of the narrative. (Yayāti)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - Refers to Pūru, who was chosen by Yayāti. (son)

• ईप्सितम् (īpsitam) - The son (Pūru) whom Yayāti desired to be king. (desired, wished for, chosen)

• राज्ये (rājye) - Refers to the position of king in the kingdom. (in the kingdom, to the kingdom)

• अभिषिच्य (abhiṣicya) - Having installed the son as king. (having consecrated, having installed)

• मुदितः (muditaḥ) - King Yayāti was joyful to install his son. (joyful, delighted, pleased)

• वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - Refers to one who has entered the third stage of life (āśrama). (a forest-dweller, hermit)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - Describes Yayāti after becoming a vānaprastha. (sage, ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The narrator of this section of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Name of a famous sage, disciple of Vyāsa, who narrated the Mahābhārata to Janamejaya.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect active

From root VAC (to speak).

Root: VAC (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Adverb

स (sa) - Refers to King Yayāti. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Represents saḥ due to sandhi with nāhuṣaḥ.

नाहुषः (nāhuṣaḥ) - King Yayāti, son of Nahusha. (son of Nahusha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāhuṣa

nāhuṣa - descendant of Nahusha, son of Nahusha

Patronymic from Nahuṣa.

राजा (rājā) - King Yayāti (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The main subject of the narrative. (Yayāti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Name of a celebrated king, son of Nahuṣa.

पुत्रम् (putram) - Refers to Pūru, who was chosen by Yayāti. (son)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Object of abhiṣicya.

ईप्सितम् (īpsitam) - The son (Pūru) whom Yayāti desired to be king. (desired, wished for, chosen)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īpsita

īpsita - desired, wished, obtained, chosen

Past Passive Participle

From root ĀP + DESIDERATIVE suffix -san + -ta.

Prefix: ā

Root: ĀP (class 5)

राज्ये (rājye) - Refers to the position of king in the kingdom. (in the kingdom, to the kingdom)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty

Root: rāj (class 1)

अभिषिच्य (abhiṣicya) - Having installed the son as king. (having consecrated, having installed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ABHI + root SIC (to sprinkle) + suffix -ya. Used causally here to mean "install (by sprinkling water)".

Prefix: abhi

Root: SIC (class 6)

मुदितः (muditaḥ) - King Yayāti was joyful to install his son. (joyful, delighted, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mudita

mudita - delighted, joyful, pleased, happy

Past Passive Participle

From root MUD (to rejoice).

Root: MUD (class 1)

वानप्रस्थः (vānaprasthaḥ) - Refers to one who has entered the third stage of life (āśrama). (a forest-dweller, hermit)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānaprastha

vānaprastha - one who has entered the forest (as a hermit), a forest-dweller, the third āśrama

Compound of vana (forest) and prastha (going to, abiding in).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+prastha)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• prastha – going forth, setting out, going to, residing in
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix PRA + root STHĀ (to stand)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: STHĀ (class 1)

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

From root BHŪ. Augment 'a' indicates past tense.

Root: BHŪ (class 1)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - Describes Yayāti after becoming a vānaprastha. (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - a sage, ascetic, saint, inspired one

Root: man (class 4)