महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-200, verse-3

कथं वा पञ्च कृष्णायामेकस्यां ते नराधिपाः ।
वर्तमाना महाभागा नाभिद्यन्त परस्परम् ॥३॥

3. kathaṁ vā pañca kṛṣṇāyāmekasyāṁ te narādhipāḥ ,
vartamānā mahābhāgā nābhidyanta parasparam.

3. katham vā pañca kṛṣṇāyām ekasyām te narādhipāḥ
vartamānāḥ mahābhāgāḥ na abhidyanta parasparam

3. Or how is it that those five illustrious kings, sharing one Draupadi (kṛṣṇā), did not become divided from one another?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• वा (vā) - or, either, optionally

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• कृष्णायाम् (kṛṣṇāyām) - in Krishna, in Draupadi

• एकस्याम् (ekasyām) - in one, in a single

• ते (te) - those

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

• वर्तमानाः (vartamānāḥ) - being, existing, remaining

• महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिद्यन्त (abhidyanta) - they were divided, they differed, they quarrelled

• परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, towards each other, from each other

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, either, optionally

(indeclinable)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Cardinal number, same form for all genders and cases in plural.

कृष्णायाम् (kṛṣṇāyām) - in Krishna, in Draupadi

(proper noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṛṣṇā

kṛṣṇā - Krishna (name of Draupadi, referring to her dark complexion); a black cow, black grape

एकस्याम् (ekasyām) - in one, in a single

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Declined like a feminine pronoun, agreeing with Kṛṣṇāyām.

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men, sovereign

Tatpuruṣa compound 'nara' (man) + 'adhipa' (ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)

वर्तमानाः (vartamānāḥ) - being, existing, remaining

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vartamāna

vartamāna - existing, being, present, living

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root vṛt (1st class, middle voice).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, exalted

Bahuvrīhi compound 'mahā' (great) + 'bhāga' (portion/fortune).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, vast, noble
  adjective
• bhāga – portion, share, fortune, luck
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभिद्यन्त (abhidyanta) - they were divided, they differed, they quarrelled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, Imperfect (Laṅ) of abhi + bhid

Imperfect tense form (Laṅ Laṅ) of root bhid with prefix abhi, 3rd person plural, middle/passive voice.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhid (class 7)

परस्परम् (parasparam) - mutually, towards each other, from each other

(indeclinable)