महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-193, verse-12

अजेयो ह्यर्जुनः संख्ये पृष्ठगोपे वृकोदरे ।
तमृते फल्गुनो युद्धे राधेयस्य न पादभाक् ॥१२॥

12. ajeyo hyarjunaḥ saṁkhye pṛṣṭhagope vṛkodare ,
tamṛte phalguno yuddhe rādheyasya na pādabhāk.

12. ajeyaḥ hi arjunaḥ saṅkhye pṛṣṭhagope vṛkodare
tam ṛte phalguno yuddhe rādheyasya na pādabhāk

12. Indeed, Arjuna is invincible in battle when Vṛkodara (Bhīmasena) protects his rear. Without him, Arjuna would not be a match for even a quarter of Rādhā's son (Karṇa) in war.

Words meanings summery:

• अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - invincible, unconquerable

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict

• पृष्ठगोपे (pṛṣṭhagope) - protecting the rear, guarding the back

• वृकोदरे (vṛkodare) - when Vṛkodara (Bhīmasena) is present/protecting (in Vṛkodara)

• तम् (tam) - Bhīmasena (him)

• ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for

• फल्गुनो (phalguno) - Arjuna

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Karṇa (of Rādhā's son)

• न (na) - not

• पादभाक् (pādabhāk) - not even a quarter match (for Karṇa) (partaker of a quarter, a quarter share)

Words meanings and morphology

अजेयः (ajeyaḥ) - invincible, unconquerable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajeya

ajeya - unconquerable, invincible, not to be subdued

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'a' (negation).

Prefix: a

Root: ji (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, certainly

(indeclinable)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers); white, silver-colored

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, combat, number

Root: khyā (class 2)

पृष्ठगोपे (pṛṣṭhagope) - protecting the rear, guarding the back

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pṛṣṭhagopa

pṛṣṭhagopa - one who protects the rear, rear-guard

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛṣṭha+gopa)

• pṛṣṭha – back, rear
  noun (neuter)
• gopa – protector, herdsman, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gup (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'pṛṣṭhagope vṛkodare' (when Vṛkodara is protecting the rear).

वृकोदरे (vṛkodare) - when Vṛkodara (Bhīmasena) is present/protecting (in Vṛkodara)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - Vṛkodara (a name for Bhīmasena, lit. 'wolf-bellied' or 'having a voracious appetite')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction 'pṛṣṭhagope vṛkodare' (when Vṛkodara is protecting the rear).

तम् (tam) - Bhīmasena (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used with 'ṛte' (without).

ऋते (ṛte) - without, except for

(indeclinable)

फल्गुनो (phalguno) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phalguna

phalguna - Arjuna (one of the Pāṇḍava brothers)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (often used as a noun)

From root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

राधेयस्य (rādheyasya) - of Karṇa (of Rādhā's son)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rādhāya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (Karṇa)

Derivative from Rādhā with 'ḍheya' suffix.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

पादभाक् (pādabhāk) - not even a quarter match (for Karṇa) (partaker of a quarter, a quarter share)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pādabhāj

pādabhāj - one who shares a quarter, a participant in a quarter; a fraction of

Derived from 'pāda' (quarter) and 'bhāj' (sharing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāda+bhāj)

• pāda – foot, quarter, portion
  noun (masculine)
• bhāj – sharing, participating, possessing
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'bhaj' (to share).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: The final 'j' becomes 'k' by sandhi rules at the end of a word.