महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-19, verse-1

सूत उवाच ।
ततो रजन्यां व्युष्टायां प्रभात उदिते रवौ ।
कद्रूश्च विनता चैव भगिन्यौ ते तपोधन ॥१॥

1. sūta uvāca ,
tato rajanyāṁ vyuṣṭāyāṁ prabhāta udite ravau ,
kadrūśca vinatā caiva bhaginyau te tapodhana.

1. sūtaḥ uvāca tataḥ rajanyām vyuṣṭāyām prabhāte udite
ravau kadrūḥ ca vinatā ca eva bhaginyau te tapodhana

1. Sūta said: "Then, O ascetic, when the night had passed and the sun had risen at dawn, those two sisters, Kadru and Vinatā—"

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - the narrator of the epic, Sūta Lomaharṣaṇa (charioteer, bard, Sūta (a class of mixed caste, often narrators))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Sūta began his narration (said, spoke)

• ततः (tataḥ) - indicating sequence of events (then, thence, thereafter)

• रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - during the night (in the night)

• व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - after the night had passed (having dawned, having become clear, having passed away)

• प्रभाते (prabhāte) - at the time of sunrise (in the morning, at dawn)

• उदिते (udite) - after the sun had risen (risen, ascended)

• रवौ (ravau) - with the rising of the sun (in the sun, when the sun)

• कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - one of the two sisters (Kadru (proper noun))

• च (ca) - connects Kadru and Vinatā (and)

• विनता (vinatā) - one of the two sisters, mother of Garuḍa (Vinatā (proper noun))

• च (ca) - connects Vinatā and eva (and)

• एव (eva) - emphasizes the identity as sisters (only, just, indeed)

• भगिन्यौ (bhaginyau) - Kadru and Vinatā (two sisters)

• ते (te) - Kadru and Vinatā (those two (feminine dual))

• तपोधन (tapodhana) - vocative, addressing the sages (like Śaunaka) listening to Sūta (O ascetic, O one whose wealth is penance)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - the narrator of the epic, Sūta Lomaharṣaṇa (charioteer, bard, Sūta (a class of mixed caste, often narrators))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald, a narrator (often of purāṇas)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - Sūta began his narration (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - indicating sequence of events (then, thence, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

From tad + tasil suffix.

रजन्याम् (rajanyām) - during the night (in the night)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rajanī

rajanī - night, dark

From root raj (to color, be dark).

Root: raj (class 1)

व्युष्टायाम् (vyuṣṭāyām) - after the night had passed (having dawned, having become clear, having passed away)

(participle)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyuṣṭa

vyuṣṭa - dawned, become clear, passed away, ended (of night)

past passive participle

From root vas (to shine) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: vas (class 2)

प्रभाते (prabhāte) - at the time of sunrise (in the morning, at dawn)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prabhāta

prabhāta - morning, dawn, daybreak

From prefix pra + root bhā (to shine).

Root: bhā (class 2)

उदिते (udite) - after the sun had risen (risen, ascended)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of udita

udita - risen, ascended, appeared, spoken

past passive participle

From root i (to go) with prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

रवौ (ravau) - with the rising of the sun (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ravi

ravi - sun, sun-god

From root ru (to sound).

Root: ru (class 2)

कद्रूः (kadrūḥ) - one of the two sisters (Kadru (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kadrū

kadrū - Kadru (name of a female divine being, mother of serpents)

Note: Part of dual subject.

च (ca) - connects Kadru and Vinatā (and)

(indeclinable)

विनता (vinatā) - one of the two sisters, mother of Garuḍa (Vinatā (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vinatā

vinatā - Vinatā (name of a female divine being, mother of Garuḍa)

From prefix vi + root nam (to bend).

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Part of dual subject.

च (ca) - connects Vinatā and eva (and)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - emphasizes the identity as sisters (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

भगिन्यौ (bhaginyau) - Kadru and Vinatā (two sisters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of bhaginī

bhaginī - sister

From bhaga (fortune) + inī suffix.

Note: Appositive to Kadru and Vinatā.

ते (te) - Kadru and Vinatā (those two (feminine dual))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of tad

tad - that, those, they

Note: Refers to kadrūḥ ca vinatā ca.

तपोधन (tapodhana) - vocative, addressing the sages (like Śaunaka) listening to Sūta (O ascetic, O one whose wealth is penance)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tapodhana

tapodhana - one whose wealth is asceticism, ascetic, sage

Bahuvrīhi compound tapas (penance) + dhana (wealth).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual fervor
  noun (neuter)
• dhana – wealth, riches, treasure
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressed to the audience (sages).