भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-8, verse-19
भूतग्रामः स एवायं भूत्वा भूत्वा प्रलीयते ।
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥१९॥
रात्र्यागमेऽवशः पार्थ प्रभवत्यहरागमे ॥१९॥
19. bhūtagrāmaḥ sa evāyaṁ bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate ,
rātryāgame'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavatyaharāgame.
rātryāgame'vaśaḥ pārtha prabhavatyaharāgame.
19.
bhūtagrāmaḥ saḥ eva ayam bhūtvā bhūtvā pralīyate
rātryāgame avaśaḥ pārtha prabhavati ahaḥ āgame
rātryāgame avaśaḥ pārtha prabhavati ahaḥ āgame
19.
pārtha ayam saḥ eva bhūtagrāmaḥ bhūtvā bhūtvā
rātryāgame pralīyate avaśaḥ ahaḥ āgame prabhavati
rātryāgame pralīyate avaśaḥ ahaḥ āgame prabhavati
19.
O Pārtha (Arjuna), this very same multitude of beings, repeatedly coming into existence, dissolves at the arrival of night, and then, helplessly, comes into existence again at the arrival of day.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- भूतग्रामः (bhūtagrāmaḥ) - the entire mass of manifested beings (multitude of beings, aggregate of elements)
- सः (saḥ) - that (referring to 'bhūtagrāmaḥ') (that, he)
- एव (eva) - emphasizes 'this very same' (indeed, only, just, very)
- अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to 'bhūtagrāmaḥ') (this, he)
- भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having manifested (having become, having been, having come into existence)
- भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having manifested (repeated) (having become, having been, having come into existence)
- प्रलीयते (pralīyate) - dissolves, merges, perishes
- रात्र्यागमे (rātryāgame) - at the coming of night
- अवशः (avaśaḥ) - compelled by the cycle of time (helpless, powerless, without will)
- पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))
- प्रभवति (prabhavati) - comes into being, emerges, arises
- अहः (ahaḥ) - day (as the first part of the compound 'ahar-āgame') (day)
- आगमे (āgame) - at the arrival of day (at the coming, at the arrival)
Words meanings and morphology
भूतग्रामः (bhūtagrāmaḥ) - the entire mass of manifested beings (multitude of beings, aggregate of elements)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of bhūtagrāma
bhūtagrāma - multitude of beings, aggregate of elements, assemblage of creatures
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhūta+grāma)
- bhūta – being, creature, element, past
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root √bhū (to be).
Root: bhū (class 1) - grāma – village, multitude, collection, host
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'pralīyate' and 'prabhavati'.
सः (saḥ) - that (referring to 'bhūtagrāmaḥ') (that, he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun.
एव (eva) - emphasizes 'this very same' (indeed, only, just, very)
(indeclinable)
अयम् (ayam) - this (referring to 'bhūtagrāmaḥ') (this, he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of idam
idam - this, he, she, it
Note: Demonstrative pronoun.
भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having manifested (having become, having been, having come into existence)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Indeclinable participle formed from root '√bhū'.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Used twice to indicate repetition: 'again and again'.
भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having manifested (repeated) (having become, having been, having come into existence)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Indeclinable participle formed from root '√bhū'.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Repetition emphasizes constant cycles of creation.
प्रलीयते (pralīyate) - dissolves, merges, perishes
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of pralī
Root '√lī' (to cling, dissolve) with prefix 'pra'. Often used in middle voice.
Prefix: pra
Root: lī (class 4)
रात्र्यागमे (rātryāgame) - at the coming of night
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of rātryāgama
rātryāgama - arrival of night, coming of night
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (rātri+āgama)
- rātri – night
noun (feminine) - āgama – coming, arrival
noun (masculine)
From prefix 'ā' + root '√gam' (to go).
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
अवशः (avaśaḥ) - compelled by the cycle of time (helpless, powerless, without will)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of avaśa
avaśa - helpless, powerless, dependent, unwilling
From 'a' (not) + 'vaśa' (will, control).
Note: Agrees with 'bhūtagrāmaḥ'.
पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O Pārtha, O son of Pṛthā (Kuntī))
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha
pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna
Derived from 'Pṛthā' (another name for Kuntī).
प्रभवति (prabhavati) - comes into being, emerges, arises
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of prabhū
Root '√bhū' (to be) with prefix 'pra'.
Prefix: pra
Root: bhū (class 1)
अहः (ahaḥ) - day (as the first part of the compound 'ahar-āgame') (day)
(noun)
neuter, singular of ahas
ahas - day, daylight
Note: Part of the compound 'ahar-āgame' (at the coming of day).
आगमे (āgame) - at the arrival of day (at the coming, at the arrival)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of āgama
āgama - coming, arrival, approach, tradition
From prefix 'ā' + root '√gam' (to go).
Prefix: ā
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: In the compound 'ahar-āgame'.