भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-8, verse-17
सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तमहर्यद्ब्रह्मणो विदुः ।
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥१७॥
रात्रिं युगसहस्रान्तां तेऽहोरात्रविदो जनाः ॥१७॥
17. sahasrayugaparyantamaharyadbrahmaṇo viduḥ ,
rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te'horātravido janāḥ.
rātriṁ yugasahasrāntāṁ te'horātravido janāḥ.
17.
sahasrayugaparyantam ahaḥ yat brahmaṇaḥ viduḥ
rātrim yugasahasrāntām te ahorātravidaḥ janāḥ
rātrim yugasahasrāntām te ahorātravidaḥ janāḥ
17.
te janāḥ yat brahmaṇaḥ ahaḥ sahasrayugaparyantam
viduḥ rātrim yugasahasrāntām te ahorātravidaḥ
viduḥ rātrim yugasahasrāntām te ahorātravidaḥ
17.
Those people who comprehend the nature of day and night know that a day of Brahmā (Brahman) extends for a thousand *yugas*, and his night also extends for a thousand *yugas*.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् (sahasrayugaparyantam) - lasting a thousand cosmic ages (extending to a thousand *yugas*, lasting a thousand *yugas*)
- अहः (ahaḥ) - a day in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (Brahman) (day)
- यत् (yat) - which, that, what
- ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā (Brahman), the cosmic creator deity (of Brahmā, of Brahman)
- विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand
- रात्रिम् (rātrim) - a night in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (Brahman) (night)
- युगसहस्रान्ताम् (yugasahasrāntām) - ending with a duration of a thousand *yugas* (ending in a thousand *yugas*, terminating in a thousand ages)
- ते (te) - those
- अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - those who understand the cosmic duration of day and night (knowers of day and night)
- जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons
Words meanings and morphology
सहस्रयुगपर्यन्तम् (sahasrayugaparyantam) - lasting a thousand cosmic ages (extending to a thousand *yugas*, lasting a thousand *yugas*)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of sahasrayugaparyanta
sahasrayugaparyanta - extending to a thousand ages, terminating in a thousand ages
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sahasra+yuga+paryanta)
- sahasra – a thousand
numeral (neuter) - yuga – age, epoch, eon
noun (masculine/neuter) - paryanta – ending in, bounded by, extending to
adjective (masculine)
Note: Agrees with 'ahaḥ' (day).
अहः (ahaḥ) - a day in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (Brahman) (day)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of ahan
ahan - day, daylight
Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.
यत् (yat) - which, that, what
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
Note: Relative pronoun, refers to 'ahaḥ' and 'rātrim'.
ब्रह्मणः (brahmaṇaḥ) - of Brahmā (Brahman), the cosmic creator deity (of Brahmā, of Brahman)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, singular of brahman
brahman - Brahmā (the creator god), Brahman (the Absolute reality), prayer, sacred word
Note: Possessive, 'of Brahmā'.
विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of vid
From the root '√vid' (to know), 3rd class verb (adadi).
Root: vid (class 2)
रात्रिम् (rātrim) - a night in the cosmic cycle of Brahmā (Brahman) (night)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of rātri
rātri - night
Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.
युगसहस्रान्ताम् (yugasahasrāntām) - ending with a duration of a thousand *yugas* (ending in a thousand *yugas*, terminating in a thousand ages)
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of yugasahasrānta
yugasahasrānta - ending in a thousand ages, terminating in a thousand *yugas*
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yuga+sahasra+anta)
- yuga – age, epoch, eon
noun (masculine/neuter) - sahasra – a thousand
numeral (neuter) - anta – end, limit, boundary
noun (masculine)
Note: Agrees with 'rātrim'.
ते (te) - those
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, those, he, she, it
Note: Refers to 'janāḥ'.
अहोरात्रविदः (ahorātravidaḥ) - those who understand the cosmic duration of day and night (knowers of day and night)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ahorātravid
ahorātravid - knower of day and night
Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (ahas+rātri+vid)
- ahas – day
noun (neuter) - rātri – night
noun (feminine) - vid – knower, knowing
noun (masculine)
Derived from root √vid (to know).
Root: vid (class 2)
Note: Predicate nominative for 'te janāḥ'.
जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jana
jana - person, people, man, creature
Note: Subject of the sentence.