भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-8, verse-15
मामुपेत्य पुनर्जन्म दुःखालयमशाश्वतम् ।
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ॥१५॥
नाप्नुवन्ति महात्मानः संसिद्धिं परमां गताः ॥१५॥
15. māmupetya punarjanma duḥkhālayamaśāśvatam ,
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ.
nāpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṁsiddhiṁ paramāṁ gatāḥ.
15.
mām upetya punaḥ janma duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam na
āpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṃsiddhim paramām gatāḥ
āpnuvanti mahātmānaḥ saṃsiddhim paramām gatāḥ
15.
mahātmānaḥ mām upetya paramām saṃsiddhim gatāḥ
duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam punaḥ janma na āpnuvanti
duḥkhālayam aśāśvatam punaḥ janma na āpnuvanti
15.
Great souls (mahātmānaḥ), having reached Me, do not again attain rebirth (punarjanma), which is a temporary abode of sorrow. They have attained the supreme perfection.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- माम् (mām) - referring to Lord Krishna/the Supreme Being (Me, to Me)
- उपेत्य (upetya) - having reached Me (Lord Krishna) (having approached, having attained, having reached)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again (referring to rebirth) (again, anew, but)
- जन्म (janma) - rebirth (punarjanma refers to cyclical existence) (birth, rebirth, origin, existence)
- दुःखालयम् (duḥkhālayam) - qualifying 'janma' as an existence of suffering (an abode of sorrow, a dwelling of misery)
- अशाश्वतम् (aśāśvatam) - qualifying 'janma' as not eternal (temporary, impermanent, non-eternal)
- न (na) - not, no
- आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - they do not attain (rebirth) (they attain, they reach, they obtain)
- महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls, noble-minded persons
- संसिद्धिम् (saṁsiddhim) - the supreme spiritual perfection (perfect accomplishment, supreme achievement, complete success)
- परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, ultimate
- गताः (gatāḥ) - having attained (the supreme perfection) (attained, gone, reached)
Words meanings and morphology
माम् (mām) - referring to Lord Krishna/the Supreme Being (Me, to Me)
(pronoun)
Accusative, singular of aham
aham - I, Me
Note: Object of 'upetya'.
उपेत्य (upetya) - having reached Me (Lord Krishna) (having approached, having attained, having reached)
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (gerund)
Derived from root i (to go) with prefix upa and suffix lyaP.
Prefix: upa
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Acts as an adverbial clause, 'having done X'.
पुनः (punaḥ) - again (referring to rebirth) (again, anew, but)
(indeclinable)
Note: Modifies 'janma'.
जन्म (janma) - rebirth (punarjanma refers to cyclical existence) (birth, rebirth, origin, existence)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, production, origin, existence, life
From root jan (to be born).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of 'āpnuvanti'.
दुःखालयम् (duḥkhālayam) - qualifying 'janma' as an existence of suffering (an abode of sorrow, a dwelling of misery)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhālaya
duḥkhālaya - abode of sorrow, house of misery
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+ālaya)
- duḥkha – suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
noun (neuter) - ālaya – abode, dwelling, house, receptacle
noun (masculine)
Prefix: ā
Note: Qualifies 'janma'.
अशाश्वतम् (aśāśvatam) - qualifying 'janma' as not eternal (temporary, impermanent, non-eternal)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of aśāśvata
aśāśvata - impermanent, transient, non-eternal
From a- (neg.) + śāśvata (eternal).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śāśvata)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable
Negative prefix. - śāśvata – eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent
adjective (neuter)
Note: Qualifies 'janma'.
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
Negation particle.
Note: Negates the verb 'āpnuvanti'.
आप्नुवन्ति (āpnuvanti) - they do not attain (rebirth) (they attain, they reach, they obtain)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of āpnū
From root āp (to obtain) in nu class.
Prefix: ā
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Verb for 'mahātmānaḥ'.
महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls, noble-minded persons
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman
mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great person
Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)
- mahā – great, large, mighty
adjective (masculine) - ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual self (ātman)
noun (masculine)
Note: Subject of 'āpnuvanti'.
संसिद्धिम् (saṁsiddhim) - the supreme spiritual perfection (perfect accomplishment, supreme achievement, complete success)
(noun)
Accusative, feminine, singular of saṃsiddhi
saṁsiddhi - perfect accomplishment, complete success, supreme attainment, liberation
From sam + siddhi (from root sidh to be accomplished).
Prefix: sam
Root: sidh (class 4)
Note: Object of 'gatāḥ' (implied 'having obtained').
परमाम् (paramām) - supreme, highest, ultimate
(adjective)
Accusative, feminine, singular of parama
parama - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, chief
Superlative form of para (far, distant)
Note: Qualifies 'saṃsiddhim'.
गताः (gatāḥ) - having attained (the supreme perfection) (attained, gone, reached)
(participle)
Nominative, masculine, plural of gata
gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained
Past Passive Participle
From root gam (to go).
Root: gam (class 1)
Note: Qualifies 'mahātmānaḥ'.