भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-5, verse-1
अर्जुन उवाच ।
संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि ।
यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम् ॥१॥
संन्यासं कर्मणां कृष्ण पुनर्योगं च शंससि ।
यच्छ्रेय एतयोरेकं तन्मे ब्रूहि सुनिश्चितम् ॥१॥
1. arjuna uvāca ,
saṁnyāsaṁ karmaṇāṁ kṛṣṇa punaryogaṁ ca śaṁsasi ,
yacchreya etayorekaṁ tanme brūhi suniścitam.
saṁnyāsaṁ karmaṇāṁ kṛṣṇa punaryogaṁ ca śaṁsasi ,
yacchreya etayorekaṁ tanme brūhi suniścitam.
1.
arjunaḥ uvāca saṃnyāsam karmaṇām kṛṣṇa punaḥ yogam ca
śaṃsasi yat śreyaḥ etayoḥ ekam tat me brūhi suniścitam
śaṃsasi yat śreyaḥ etayoḥ ekam tat me brūhi suniścitam
1.
arjunaḥ uvāca kṛṣṇa tvaṃ karmaṇām saṃnyāsam punaḥ ca yogam
śaṃsasi etayoḥ yat ekam śreyaḥ tat me suniścitam brūhi
śaṃsasi etayoḥ yat ekam śreyaḥ tat me suniścitam brūhi
1.
Arjuna said: O Kṛṣṇa, you praise both the renunciation of actions (karma) and, again, the discipline (yoga) of action. Tell me definitively which one of these two is superior.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna
- उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
- संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, abandonment
- कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds
- कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Kṛṣṇa, O dark one
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, moreover
- योगम् (yogam) - union, spiritual discipline, the discipline of action, yoga
- च (ca) - and, also
- शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you praise, you commend
- यत् (yat) - which, whatever
- श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - superior, better, welfare, prosperity, auspicious
- एतयोः (etayoḥ) - of these two
- एकम् (ekam) - one
- तत् (tat) - that
- मे (me) - to me, for me
- ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak
- सुनिश्चितम् (suniścitam) - definitively, for certain, well-ascertained
Words meanings and morphology
अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna
arjuna - white, bright, clear, a name of one of the Pāṇḍavas
उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac
Perfect Active
Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.
Root: vac (class 2)
संन्यासम् (saṁnyāsam) - renunciation, abandonment
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃnyāsa
saṁnyāsa - renunciation, abandonment, monastic order
Prefixes: sam+ni
Root: as (class 4)
कर्मणाम् (karmaṇām) - of actions, of deeds
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, plural of karmaṇ
karmaṇ - action, deed, work, ritual, destiny
Root: kṛ (class 8)
कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Kṛṣṇa, O dark one
(proper noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa
kṛṣṇa - dark, black, a name of a deity (Kṛṣṇa)
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, furthermore, moreover
(indeclinable)
योगम् (yogam) - union, spiritual discipline, the discipline of action, yoga
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of yoga
yoga - union, spiritual discipline, method, application, system of philosophy
Root: yuj (class 7)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
शंससि (śaṁsasi) - you praise, you commend
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śaṃs
Present Active
Root 'śaṃs'. 1st conjugation, Parasmaipada.
Root: śaṃs (class 1)
यत् (yat) - which, whatever
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - which, what, who
श्रेयः (śreyaḥ) - superior, better, welfare, prosperity, auspicious
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of śreyas
śreyas - superior, better, more excellent, welfare, prosperity, bliss
Comparative form of 'śrī'.
एतयोः (etayoḥ) - of these two
(pronoun)
Genitive, masculine, dual of etas
etas - this (near)
Note: Refers to 'saṃnyāsa' and 'yoga'.
एकम् (ekam) - one
(numeral)
तत् (tat) - that
(pronoun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
मे (me) - to me, for me
(pronoun)
Dative, singular of aham
aham - I
ब्रूहि (brūhi) - tell, speak
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū
Imperative Active
Root 'brū'. 2nd conjugation, Parasmaipada.
Root: brū (class 2)
सुनिश्चितम् (suniścitam) - definitively, for certain, well-ascertained
(indeclinable)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'ci' with prefixes 'su' and 'niś'. Used adverbially here.
Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+niścita)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable - niścita – ascertained, decided, sure, certain
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root 'ci' with prefix 'niś'.
Prefix: niś
Root: ci (class 5)
Note: Adverbial usage, modifying the verb 'brūhi'.