भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-14, verse-5
सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति गुणाः प्रकृतिसंभवाः ।
निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥५॥
निबध्नन्ति महाबाहो देहे देहिनमव्ययम् ॥५॥
5. sattvaṁ rajastama iti guṇāḥ prakṛtisaṁbhavāḥ ,
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinamavyayam.
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinamavyayam.
5.
sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ iti guṇāḥ prakṛtisaṃbhavāḥ
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinam avyayam
nibadhnanti mahābāho dehe dehinam avyayam
5.
mahābāho sattvam rajaḥ tamaḥ iti prakṛtisaṃbhavāḥ
guṇāḥ dehe avyayam dehinam nibadhnanti
guṇāḥ dehe avyayam dehinam nibadhnanti
5.
O mighty-armed one, the qualities (guṇāḥ) of goodness (sattva), passion (rajas), and inertia (tamas)—which are born of material nature (prakṛti)—bind the imperishable embodied being (dehin) within the body.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence)
- रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (passion, activity, dust, impurity)
- तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (inertia, darkness, ignorance)
- इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, these are
- गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three qualities (guṇāḥ) of material nature (qualities, constituents, attributes)
- प्रकृतिसंभवाः (prakṛtisaṁbhavāḥ) - born of nature, originating from nature
- निबध्नन्ति (nibadhnanti) - bind, tie down, constrain
- महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Arjuna (O mighty-armed one, O one with great arms)
- देहे (dehe) - in the body
- देहिनम् (dehinam) - the individual soul (dehin) (the embodied one, the soul)
- अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable, inexhaustible
Words meanings and morphology
सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality of goodness (sattva) (goodness, purity, reality, existence)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva
sattva - goodness, purity, reality, existence, truth, vital force
From √as (to be) + suffix -tva.
Root: as (class 2)
Note: The nominal stem can also be used as the nominative form.
रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality of passion (rajas) (passion, activity, dust, impurity)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas
rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, energy, desire
Root: raj (class 1)
Note: r-stem noun.
तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality of inertia (tamas) (inertia, darkness, ignorance)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas
tamas - inertia, darkness, ignorance, dullness
Root: tam (class 4)
Note: r-stem noun.
इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way, these are
(indeclinable)
गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - the three qualities (guṇāḥ) of material nature (qualities, constituents, attributes)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa
guṇa - quality, attribute, constituent, strand, virtue
प्रकृतिसंभवाः (prakṛtisaṁbhavāḥ) - born of nature, originating from nature
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of prakṛtisaṃbhava
prakṛtisaṁbhava - born of material nature, originating from nature
Compound from prakṛti and saṃbhava.
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prakṛti+saṃbhava)
- prakṛti – material nature, primordial matter, origin
noun (feminine)
Prefix: pra
Root: kṛ (class 8) - saṃbhava – origin, birth, production
noun (masculine)
From √bhū with prefix sam.
Prefix: sam
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Agrees with guṇāḥ.
निबध्नन्ति (nibadhnanti) - bind, tie down, constrain
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of nibandh
present indicative
Present 3rd person plural of √bandh with prefix ni.
Prefix: ni
Root: bandh (class 9)
महाबाहो (mahābāho) - O Arjuna (O mighty-armed one, O one with great arms)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of mahābāhu
mahābāhu - mighty-armed, strong-armed
Compound from mahā (great) and bāhu (arm).
Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bāhu)
- mahā – great, large, mighty
adjective (feminine)
Feminine form of mahat, here as part of a compound. - bāhu – arm
noun (masculine)
देहे (dehe) - in the body
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of deha
deha - body
Root: dih (class 2)
देहिनम् (dehinam) - the individual soul (dehin) (the embodied one, the soul)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of dehin
dehin - embodied, existing in a body, soul, individual
Possessive adjective formed from deha + suffix -in.
अव्ययम् (avyayam) - imperishable, immutable, inexhaustible
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of avyaya
avyaya - imperishable, immutable, undecaying, inexhaustible
Negative prefix a + vyaya (expenditure, decay).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vyaya)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
Negative prefix - vyaya – expenditure, decay, destruction
noun (masculine)
From √ī (to go) with prefixes vi and a.
Prefixes: vi+a
Root: i (class 2)
Note: Agrees with dehinam.