भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-14, verse-16
कर्मणः सुकृतस्याहुः सात्त्विकं निर्मलं फलम् ।
रजसस्तु फलं दुःखमज्ञानं तमसः फलम् ॥१६॥
रजसस्तु फलं दुःखमज्ञानं तमसः फलम् ॥१६॥
16. karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasyāhuḥ sāttvikaṁ nirmalaṁ phalam ,
rajasastu phalaṁ duḥkhamajñānaṁ tamasaḥ phalam.
rajasastu phalaṁ duḥkhamajñānaṁ tamasaḥ phalam.
16.
karmaṇaḥ sukṛtasya āhuḥ sāttvikaṃ nirmalaṃ phalam
rajasaḥ tu phalam duḥkham ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam
rajasaḥ tu phalam duḥkham ajñānaṃ tamasaḥ phalam
16.
sukṛtasya karmaṇaḥ nirmalaṃ sāttvikaṃ phalam āhuḥ
tu rajasaḥ phalaṃ duḥkham tamasaḥ ca ajñānam phalam
tu rajasaḥ phalaṃ duḥkham tamasaḥ ca ajñānam phalam
16.
They declare that the result of a well-performed action (karma) is pure and associated with goodness (sāttvika). However, the result of passion (rajas) is misery, and the result of inertia (tamas) is ignorance.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of deed, of work
- सुकृतस्य (sukṛtasya) - of a virtuous deed, of well-done, of righteousness
- आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
- सात्त्विकं (sāttvikaṁ) - sattvic, pure, good, pertaining to sattva
- निर्मलं (nirmalaṁ) - stainless, pure, spotless
- फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
- रजसः (rajasaḥ) - of rajas, of passion, of activity
- तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however
- फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
- दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering
- अज्ञानं (ajñānaṁ) - ignorance, nescience
- तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of tamas, of darkness, of inertia
- फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
Words meanings and morphology
कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of action, of deed, of work
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of karman
karman - action, deed, work, religious rite, destiny (karma)
Root: kṛ (class 8)
सुकृतस्य (sukṛtasya) - of a virtuous deed, of well-done, of righteousness
(adjective)
Genitive, neuter, singular of sukṛta
sukṛta - well-done, virtuous, righteous deed, good action
Past Passive Participle
Derived from su (good) + kṛ (to do), forming a past passive participle
Compound type : tatpurusha (su+kṛta)
- su – good, well, excellent
indeclinable - kṛta – done, made, performed
adjective (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root kṛ
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Modifies 'karmaṇaḥ' or implicitly 'phalam'.
आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah
Root: ah (class 2)
Note: Irregular present form of root ah.
सात्त्विकं (sāttvikaṁ) - sattvic, pure, good, pertaining to sattva
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sāttvika
sāttvika - pertaining to sattva, pure, good, virtuous (sāttvika)
Derived from sattva with the suffix -ika
Note: Refers to the quality of 'sattva', modifying 'phalam'.
निर्मलं (nirmalaṁ) - stainless, pure, spotless
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmala
nirmala - stainless, pure, spotless, clean
Compound of nir (without) + mala (dirt, impurity)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (nis+mala)
- nis – without, out, free from
indeclinable - mala – dirt, impurity, stain
noun (neuter)
Note: Modifies 'phalam'.
फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, effect
Note: The subject of the first clause, implicitly repeated later.
रजसः (rajasaḥ) - of rajas, of passion, of activity
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of rajas
rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, one of the three guṇas (rajas)
तु (tu) - but, on the other hand, indeed, however
(indeclinable)
फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, effect
दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering, unhappiness
Note: Predicate nominative for 'phalam'.
अज्ञानं (ajñānaṁ) - ignorance, nescience
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñāna
ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, lack of knowledge
Compound of a (not) + jñāna (knowledge)
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+jñāna)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable - jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
noun (neuter)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Predicate nominative for 'phalam'.
तमसः (tamasaḥ) - of tamas, of darkness, of inertia
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of tamas
tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, one of the three guṇas (tamas)
फलम् (phalam) - fruit, result, consequence, reward
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of phala
phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, effect