भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-14, verse-17
सत्त्वात्संजायते ज्ञानं रजसो लोभ एव च ।
प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च ॥१७॥
प्रमादमोहौ तमसो भवतोऽज्ञानमेव च ॥१७॥
17. sattvātsaṁjāyate jñānaṁ rajaso lobha eva ca ,
pramādamohau tamaso bhavato'jñānameva ca.
pramādamohau tamaso bhavato'jñānameva ca.
17.
sattvāt saṃjāyate jñānaṃ rajasaḥ lobhaḥ eva ca
pramādamohau tamasaḥ bhavataḥ ajñānam eva ca
pramādamohau tamasaḥ bhavataḥ ajñānam eva ca
17.
jñānaṃ sattvāt saṃjāyate ca eva rajasaḥ lobhaḥ
pramādamohau ajñānam tamasaḥ ca bhavataḥ
pramādamohau ajñānam tamasaḥ ca bhavataḥ
17.
From the quality of goodness (sattva) arises knowledge. From passion (rajas), certainly, comes greed. And from inertia (tamas), heedlessness, delusion, and indeed ignorance manifest.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from sattva, from goodness, from purity
- संजायते (saṁjāyate) - arises, is born, is produced
- ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
- रजसः (rajasaḥ) - from rajas, from passion, from activity
- लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed, covetousness, desire
- एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, certainly
- च (ca) - and, also
- प्रमादमोहौ (pramādamohau) - heedlessness and delusion, carelessness and infatuation
- तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from tamas, from darkness, from inertia
- भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they arise, they become
- अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance, nescience
- एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, certainly
- च (ca) - and, also
Words meanings and morphology
सत्त्वात् (sattvāt) - from sattva, from goodness, from purity
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of sattva
sattva - goodness, purity, essence, reality, one of the three guṇas (sattva)
Note: Source from which knowledge arises.
संजायते (saṁjāyate) - arises, is born, is produced
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan
Passive voice of root jan with prefix saṃ
Prefix: sam
Root: jan (class 4)
ज्ञानं (jñānaṁ) - knowledge, wisdom, understanding
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of jñāna
jñāna - knowledge, wisdom, understanding, realization
From root jñā (to know)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Subject of the first clause.
रजसः (rajasaḥ) - from rajas, from passion, from activity
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of rajas
rajas - passion, activity, dust, impurity, one of the three guṇas (rajas)
Note: Source from which greed arises.
लोभः (lobhaḥ) - greed, covetousness, desire
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of lobha
lobha - greed, covetousness, avarice, longing
Root: lubh (class 4)
Note: Subject of the clause 'rajasaḥ lobhaḥ eva ca'.
एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, certainly
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
प्रमादमोहौ (pramādamohau) - heedlessness and delusion, carelessness and infatuation
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, dual of pramāda-moha
pramāda-moha - heedlessness and delusion (dual compound)
Compound type : dvandva (pramāda+moha)
- pramāda – heedlessness, carelessness, error
noun (masculine)
From pra-mad
Prefix: pra
Root: mad (class 4) - moha – delusion, infatuation, bewilderment
noun (masculine)
From root muh
Root: muh (class 4)
Note: Subject of the clause, taking a dual verb.
तमसः (tamasaḥ) - from tamas, from darkness, from inertia
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of tamas
tamas - darkness, inertia, ignorance, one of the three guṇas (tamas)
Note: Source from which heedlessness, delusion, and ignorance arise.
भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they arise, they become
(verb)
3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of bhū
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Dual form agreeing with 'pramādamohau'.
अज्ञानम् (ajñānam) - ignorance, nescience
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of ajñāna
ajñāna - ignorance, nescience, lack of knowledge
Compound of a (not) + jñāna (knowledge)
Compound type : nah-tatpurusha (a+jñāna)
- a – not, non-, un-
indeclinable - jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
noun (neuter)
Root: jñā (class 9)
Note: Another subject arising from tamas.
एव (eva) - even, indeed, only, certainly
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)