भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-14, verse-18
ऊर्ध्वं गच्छन्ति सत्त्वस्था मध्ये तिष्ठन्ति राजसाः ।
जघन्यगुणवृत्तस्था अधो गच्छन्ति तामसाः ॥१८॥
जघन्यगुणवृत्तस्था अधो गच्छन्ति तामसाः ॥१८॥
18. ūrdhvaṁ gacchanti sattvasthā madhye tiṣṭhanti rājasāḥ ,
jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ.
jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthā adho gacchanti tāmasāḥ.
18.
ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti sattvasthāḥ madhye tiṣṭhanti
rājasāḥ jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ adhaḥ gacchanti tāmasāḥ
rājasāḥ jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ adhaḥ gacchanti tāmasāḥ
18.
sattvasthāḥ ūrdhvaṃ gacchanti rājasāḥ madhye tiṣṭhanti
jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ tāmasāḥ adhaḥ gacchanti
jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ tāmasāḥ adhaḥ gacchanti
18.
Those established in the quality of goodness (sattva) ascend upwards. Those who are of a passionate (rājasika) nature remain in the middle. And those who dwell in the actions/dispositions of the lowest quality (tamas) descend downwards.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṁ) - upwards, aloft, above
- गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move
- सत्त्वस्थाः (sattvasthāḥ) - those situated in sattva, pure-minded people
- मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, in between
- तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they stand, they remain, they abide
- राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - rajasic people, those of passionate nature
- जघन्यगुणवृत्तस्थाः (jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ) - those situated in the lowest quality of conduct/disposition
- अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below
- गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move
- तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic people, those of ignorant/inert nature
Words meanings and morphology
ऊर्ध्वं (ūrdhvaṁ) - upwards, aloft, above
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverbial accusative.
गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Root: gam (class 1)
सत्त्वस्थाः (sattvasthāḥ) - those situated in sattva, pure-minded people
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sattvastha
sattvastha - situated in sattva, resting in goodness
Compound of sattva (goodness) + stha (standing, situated)
Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (sattva+stha)
- sattva – goodness, purity, essence (sattva)
noun (neuter) - stha – standing, situated, abiding
adjective (masculine)
From root sthā (to stand)
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Acts as a noun here, 'the sattvic ones'.
मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, in between
(indeclinable)
तिष्ठन्ति (tiṣṭhanti) - they stand, they remain, they abide
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
राजसाः (rājasāḥ) - rajasic people, those of passionate nature
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of rājasa
rājasa - pertaining to rajas, passionate, active (rājasika)
Derived from rajas with suffix -a
Note: Acts as a noun here, 'the rajasic ones'.
जघन्यगुणवृत्तस्थाः (jaghanyaguṇavṛttasthāḥ) - those situated in the lowest quality of conduct/disposition
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jaghanyaguṇavṛttastha
jaghanyaguṇavṛttastha - situated in the conduct of the lowest quality
Compound: jaghanya (lowest) + guṇa (quality) + vṛtta (conduct) + stha (situated)
Compound type : bahuvrihi (jaghanya+guṇa+vṛtta+stha)
- jaghanya – lowest, inferior, worst
adjective (masculine) - guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
noun (masculine) - vṛtta – conduct, course of action, behavior
noun (neuter)
Past Passive Participle
From root vṛt
Root: vṛt (class 1) - stha – standing, situated, abiding
adjective (masculine)
From root sthā
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Acts as a noun here, 'those engaged in vile activities'.
अधः (adhaḥ) - downwards, below
(indeclinable)
Note: Adverb.
गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they go, they move
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of gam
Root: gam (class 1)
तामसाः (tāmasāḥ) - tamasic people, those of ignorant/inert nature
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tāmasa
tāmasa - pertaining to tamas, dark, ignorant, inert (tāmasa)
Derived from tamas with suffix -a
Note: Acts as a noun here, 'the tamasic ones'.