भगवद्गीता bhagavad-gītā - chapter-14, verse-10

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रजस्तमश्चाभिभूय सत्त्वं भवति भारत ।
रजः सत्त्वं तमश्चैव तमः सत्त्वं रजस्तथा ॥१०॥

10. rajastamaścābhibhūya sattvaṁ bhavati bhārata ,
rajaḥ sattvaṁ tamaścaiva tamaḥ sattvaṁ rajastathā.

10. rajaḥ tamaḥ ca abhibhūya sattvam bhavati bhārata
rajaḥ sattvam tamaḥ ca eva tamaḥ sattvam rajaḥ tathā

10. bhārata rajaḥ ca tamaḥ abhibhūya
sattvam bhavati rajaḥ sattvam ca tamaḥ
eva (abhibhūya bhavati) tathā tamaḥ
sattvam (ca) rajaḥ (abhibhūya bhavati)

10. O Bhārata, sattva (lucidity or goodness) predominates by overcoming rajas (passion or activity) and tamas (darkness or inertia). Similarly, rajas predominates by overcoming sattva and tamas, and tamas predominates by overcoming sattva and rajas.

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

च (ca) - Connects 'rajaḥ' and 'tamaḥ'. (and, also)

अभिभूय (abhibhūya) - Describes one guṇa suppressing the others. (having overcome, having predominated, having suppressed)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

भवति (bhavati) - Indicates the state of predominance or becoming manifest. (becomes, arises, happens, exists)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Arjuna, as a member of the Bharata lineage. (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

च (ca) - Connects the qualities, indicating 'and' or 'also'. (and, also)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the reciprocal nature of predominance among the guṇas. (only, just, indeed, certainly)

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

तथा (tathā) - Indicates that the pattern of predominance repeats for the other guṇas. (so, thus, similarly, likewise)

Words meanings and morphology

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dynamism, dust, impurity, menstruation

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, dullness, gloom

च (ca) - Connects 'rajaḥ' and 'tamaḥ'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अभिभूय (abhibhūya) - Describes one guṇa suppressing the others. (having overcome, having predominated, having suppressed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'abhi', forming an absolutive.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, lucidity, reality, existence, a living being

From 'sat' (being, good).

Root: as (class 2)

भवति (bhavati) - Indicates the state of predominance or becoming manifest. (becomes, arises, happens, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

भारत (bhārata) - Addressed to Arjuna, as a member of the Bharata lineage. (O descendant of Bharata, O Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, belonging to Bharata, a name for Arjuna

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dynamism, dust, impurity, menstruation

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, lucidity, reality, existence, a living being

From 'sat' (being, good).

Root: as (class 2)

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, dullness, gloom

च (ca) - Connects the qualities, indicating 'and' or 'also'. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the reciprocal nature of predominance among the guṇas. (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

तमः (tamaḥ) - The quality of inertia (tamas), one of the three guṇas. (darkness, gloom, ignorance, inertia)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, dullness, gloom

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - The quality of goodness or lucidity (sattva), one of the three guṇas. (goodness, purity, lucidity, being, existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, lucidity, reality, existence, a living being

From 'sat' (being, good).

Root: as (class 2)

रजः (rajaḥ) - The quality of passion or activity (rajas), one of the three guṇas. (passion, activity, dust, impurity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - passion, activity, dynamism, dust, impurity, menstruation

तथा (tathā) - Indicates that the pattern of predominance repeats for the other guṇas. (so, thus, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

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