योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-82, verse-9

विना तिष्ठति माधुर्यं कथयेक्षुरसः कथम् ।
निर्माधुर्यश्च यस्त्विक्षुरसो न हि स तद्रसः ॥ ९ ॥

vinā tiṣṭhati mādhuryaṃ kathayekṣurasaḥ katham ,
nirmādhuryaśca yastvikṣuraso na hi sa tadrasaḥ 9

9. vinā tiṣṭhati mādhuryam kathaya ikṣurasaḥ katham
nirmādhuryas ca yas tu ikṣurasaḥ na hi saḥ tadrasaḥ

9. kathaya,
ikṣurasaḥ mādhuryam vinā katham tiṣṭhati? yas tu nirmādhuryas ikṣurasaḥ,
saḥ hi na tadrasaḥ.

9. Tell me, how can sugarcane juice exist without sweetness? Indeed, that sugarcane juice which is devoid of sweetness is certainly not what is truly called sugarcane juice.

Words meanings summery:

• विना (vinā) - without, apart from

• तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, exists, remains

• माधुर्यम् (mādhuryam) - sweetness

• कथय (kathaya) - tell, narrate

• इक्षुरसः (ikṣurasaḥ) - sugarcane juice

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

• निर्माधुर्यस् (nirmādhuryas) - devoid of sweetness, without sweetness

• च (ca) - and, also

• यस् (yas) - who, which

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• इक्षुरसः (ikṣurasaḥ) - sugarcane juice

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• तद्रसः (tadrasaḥ) - truly sugarcane juice (its taste, that juice, truly such a juice)

Words meanings and morphology

विना (vinā) - without, apart from

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठति (tiṣṭhati) - stands, exists, remains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

present active, 3rd person singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

माधुर्यम् (mādhuryam) - sweetness

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mādhūrya

mādhūrya - sweetness, amiableness, charm

derived from `madhura` (sweet) + `ya` (suffix for abstract noun)

Note: Governed by vinā.

कथय (kathaya) - tell, narrate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

2nd person singular imperative

Root: kath (class 10)

इक्षुरसः (ikṣurasaḥ) - sugarcane juice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣurasa

ikṣurasa - sugarcane juice

Compound type : tatpurusha (ikṣu+rasa)

• ikṣu – sugarcane
  noun (masculine)
• rasa – juice, taste, essence, emotion
  noun (masculine)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what way

(indeclinable)

निर्माधुर्यस् (nirmādhuryas) - devoid of sweetness, without sweetness

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirmādhūrya

nirmādhūrya - without sweetness, tasteless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+mādhūrya)

• nis – out, forth, without, free from
  indeclinable
  prefix
• mādhūrya – sweetness
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

यस् (yas) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what (relative pronoun)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

इक्षुरसः (ikṣurasaḥ) - sugarcane juice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣurasa

ikṣurasa - sugarcane juice

Compound type : tatpurusha (ikṣu+rasa)

• ikṣu – sugarcane
  noun (masculine)
• rasa – juice, taste, essence, emotion
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तद्रसः (tadrasaḥ) - truly sugarcane juice (its taste, that juice, truly such a juice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tadrasa

tadrasa - its juice, that juice, having that taste

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tad+rasa)

• tad – that
  pronoun (neuter)
• rasa – juice, taste, essence
  noun (masculine)