योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-189, verse-4

श्रीराम उवाच ।
इत्यातिवाहिकालोकः स तस्याद्यप्रजापतेः ।
कठिनत्वं कथं यातः कथं स्वप्नस्य सत्यता ॥ ४ ॥

śrīrāma uvāca ,
ityātivāhikālokaḥ sa tasyādyaprajāpateḥ ,
kaṭhinatvaṃ kathaṃ yātaḥ kathaṃ svapnasya satyatā 4

4. śrīrāma uvāca ।
iti ātivāhika ālokaḥ saḥ tasya ādya prajāpateḥ ।
kaṭhinatvam katham yātaḥ katham svapnasya satyatā ॥

4. śrīrāma uvāca.
iti: tasya ādya prajāpateḥ saḥ ātivāhika ālokaḥ katham kaṭhinatvam yātaḥ? katham svapnasya satyatā (asti)?

4. Śrī Rāma said: "How did that subtle (ātivāhika) manifestation of the primeval Prajāpati attain solidity? And how is the reality of a dream explained?"

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

• आतिवाहिक (ātivāhika) - subtle, ethereal, belonging to the subtle body

• आलोकः (ālokaḥ) - manifestation, appearance, sight, light

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

• आद्य (ādya) - primeval, first, original

• प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati (the creator)

• कठिनत्वम् (kaṭhinatvam) - hardness, solidity

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• यातः (yātaḥ) - attained (gone, attained, reached)

• कथम् (katham) - how?

• स्वप्नस्य (svapnasya) - of a dream

• सत्यता (satyatā) - reality, truth

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीराम (śrīrāma) - Lord Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīrāma

śrīrāma - Lord Rama

Compound type : karmadhāraya (śrī+rāma)

• śrī – sacred, revered, prosperity
  adjective (feminine)
• rāma – Rama, pleasing
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect third person singular active of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, marking direct speech

(indeclinable)

आतिवाहिक (ātivāhika) - subtle, ethereal, belonging to the subtle body

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātivāhika

ātivāhika - subtle, ethereal, conveying beyond, belonging to the subtle body

From 'ativaha' + 'ika' suffix

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'ālokaḥ'.

आलोकः (ālokaḥ) - manifestation, appearance, sight, light

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āloka

āloka - sight, view, appearance, manifestation

From prefix 'ā' + root 'lok' (to see, perceive)

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'

तस्य (tasya) - of him, of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Genitive singular of 'tad'

आद्य (ādya) - primeval, first, original

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ādya

ādya - primeval, first, original

From 'ādi' (beginning) + 'ya' suffix

प्रजापतेः (prajāpateḥ) - of Prajāpati (the creator)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prajāpati

prajāpati - lord of creatures, creator, Prajāpati

Compound of 'prajā' (offspring, creation) and 'pati' (lord, master)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+pati)

• prajā – offspring, creation, subjects
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

कठिनत्वम् (kaṭhinatvam) - hardness, solidity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kaṭhinatva

kaṭhinatva - hardness, solidity, rigidity

Derived from 'kaṭhina' (hard, rigid) with suffix '-tva' (state of being)

Note: Object of 'yātaḥ'.

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

यातः (yātaḥ) - attained (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yāta

yāta - gone, attained, become

Past Passive Participle

From root yā (to go, move)

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'ālokaḥ' (masculine nominative singular).

कथम् (katham) - how?

(indeclinable)

स्वप्नस्य (svapnasya) - of a dream

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of svapna

svapna - dream, sleep

From root svap (to sleep)

Root: svap (class 2)

सत्यता (satyatā) - reality, truth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of satyatā

satyatā - reality, truth, state of being real

From 'satya' (real, true) with suffix '-tā' (state of being)