योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-176, verse-23

एवं द्रष्टापि यः स्वप्नजालं दृष्टे न किंचन ।
कोऽत्र द्रष्टा कुतो दृश्यं क्व द्वैतं क्व च कारणम् ॥ २३ ॥

evaṃ draṣṭāpi yaḥ svapnajālaṃ dṛṣṭe na kiṃcana ,
ko'tra draṣṭā kuto dṛśyaṃ kva dvaitaṃ kva ca kāraṇam 23

23. evam draṣṭā api yaḥ svapnajālam dṛṣṭe na kiñcana | kaḥ
atra draṣṭā kutaḥ dṛśyam kva dvaitam kva ca kāraṇam ||

23. evam yaḥ svapnajālam dṛṣṭe draṣṭā api na kiñcana atra
draṣṭā kaḥ? dṛśyam kutaḥ? dvaitam kva? kāraṇam ca kva?

23. Thus, even when one perceives a multitude of dreams, nothing truly exists in that perception. So then, who is the perceiver (draṣṭā) here? From where does the perceived (dṛśyam) arise? Where is duality (dvaitam)? And where is the cause?

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - a perceiver, observer (a seer, observer, witness)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

• यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, which (relative pronoun))

• स्वप्नजालम् (svapnajālam) - a multitude of illusory dreams (a net of dreams, a multitude of dreams, illusory appearances)

• दृष्टे (dṛṣṭe) - in that perception (of the dream-world) (in the seen, when seen, in the perception)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything (when negated: nothing) (anything, something)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (is the real perceiver)? (who?)

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this illusory reality) (here, in this place)

• द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - the perceiver (a seer, observer, witness)

• कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (does it originate)? (from where? whence? why?)

• दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - the perceived (object), phenomena (the visible, the perceived, a phenomenon, an object of sight)

• क्व (kva) - where (does it exist)? (where? to what place?)

• द्वैतम् (dvaitam) - duality, separateness (duality, dualism)

• क्व (kva) - where (does it exist)? (where? to what place?)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause (cause, reason, instrument)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - a perceiver, observer (a seer, observer, witness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, witness, percipient

agent noun from root 'dṛś'

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'tṛ'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yaḥ ... draṣṭā api'.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, moreover)

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - one who (who, which (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the implied subject of 'draṣṭā'.

स्वप्नजालम् (svapnajālam) - a multitude of illusory dreams (a net of dreams, a multitude of dreams, illusory appearances)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svapnajāla

svapnajāla - a net of dreams, multitude of dreams, illusory appearances

Compound of 'svapna' (dream) and 'jāla' (net, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svapna+jāla)

• svapna – dream, sleep
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svap (class 2)
• jāla – net, snare, multitude, collection
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of an implied 'seeing'.

दृष्टे (dṛṣṭe) - in that perception (of the dream-world) (in the seen, when seen, in the perception)

(participle)

Locative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, perceived, observed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see), suffix 'kta'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the state of having seen or being seen.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the existence or reality.

किञ्चन (kiñcana) - anything (when negated: nothing) (anything, something)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kiñcana

kiñcana - anything, something (used with 'na' for "nothing")

From 'kim' (what) + 'cana' (indefinite particle).

कः (kaḥ) - who (is the real perceiver)? (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Interrogative.

अत्र (atra) - here (in this illusory reality) (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

From 'idam' (this) + 'trā' (locative suffix).

द्रष्टा (draṣṭā) - the perceiver (a seer, observer, witness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, witness, percipient

agent noun from root 'dṛś'

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'tṛ'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Interrogative subject.

कुतः (kutaḥ) - from where (does it originate)? (from where? whence? why?)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'kim' (what) + 'tas' (ablative suffix).

दृश्यम् (dṛśyam) - the perceived (object), phenomena (the visible, the perceived, a phenomenon, an object of sight)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, to be seen, perceived, phenomenon, object of sight

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with suffix 'ya'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Interrogative subject.

क्व (kva) - where (does it exist)? (where? to what place?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

द्वैतम् (dvaitam) - duality, separateness (duality, dualism)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvaita

dvaita - duality, dualism, pair, two-ness

From 'dvi' (two) + 'ta' suffix.

Note: Interrogative subject.

क्व (kva) - where (does it exist)? (where? to what place?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - the cause (cause, reason, instrument)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make) + 'ana' suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Interrogative subject.

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