योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-76, verse-4

अयं हि परदुष्पारो घोरः संसारसागरः ।
विना युक्तिप्रयत्नाभ्यामस्माद्राम न तीर्यते ॥ ४ ॥

ayaṃ hi paraduṣpāro ghoraḥ saṃsārasāgaraḥ ,
vinā yuktiprayatnābhyāmasmādrāma na tīryate 4

4. ayam hi paraduṣpāraḥ ghoraḥ saṃsārasāgaraḥ
vinā yuktiprayatnābhyām asmāt rāma na tīryate

4. ayam hi ghoraḥ paraduṣpāraḥ saṃsārasāgaraḥ,
rāma,
yuktiprayatnābhyām vinā asmāt na tīryate

4. Indeed, this terrible ocean of transmigration (saṃsāra) is very difficult to cross. O Rāma, one cannot cross out of it without proper reasoning and persistent effort.

Words meanings summery:

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• परदुष्पारः (paraduṣpāraḥ) - very difficult to cross, extremely hard to pass over

• घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

• संसारसागरः (saṁsārasāgaraḥ) - the ocean of transmigration

• विना (vinā) - without, except

• युक्तिप्रयत्नाभ्याम् (yuktiprayatnābhyām) - by means of proper reasoning and effort

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• न (na) - not, no

• तीर्यते (tīryate) - is crossed, is passed over

Words meanings and morphology

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

Note: Masculine nominative singular form of idam.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

परदुष्पारः (paraduṣpāraḥ) - very difficult to cross, extremely hard to pass over

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paraduṣpāra

paraduṣpāra - very difficult to cross

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (para+duṣpāra)

• para – other, another, supreme
  adjective
• duṣpāra – difficult to cross
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from duṣ- + pṛ (to cross).
  Prefix: dus
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'sāgaraḥ'.

घोरः (ghoraḥ) - terrible, dreadful, formidable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable, awful

Note: Agrees with 'sāgaraḥ'.

संसारसागरः (saṁsārasāgaraḥ) - the ocean of transmigration

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃsārasāgara

saṁsārasāgara - ocean of transmigration

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+sāgara)

• saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of birth and death
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• sāgara – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the sentence, in apposition to 'ayam'.

विना (vinā) - without, except

(indeclinable)

युक्तिप्रयत्नाभ्याम् (yuktiprayatnābhyām) - by means of proper reasoning and effort

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of yuktiprayatna

yuktiprayatna - proper reasoning and effort

Compound type : dvandva (yukti+prayatna)

• yukti – reasoning, propriety, skill, right method
  noun (feminine)
  From root yuj + ti.
  Root: yuj (class 7)
• prayatna – effort, exertion, attempt
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-yat.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Instrumental dual, indicating the means by which something is not done.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Ablative singular, referring to the 'ocean of saṃsāra'.

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (proper name), pleasing, charming

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तीर्यते (tīryate) - is crossed, is passed over

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Passive Present

Root tṛ (class 1, 9) in passive voice, present tense, third person singular. Formed with -ya- suffix.

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject 'saṃsārasāgaraḥ' is in nominative, but the verb is passive, meaning 'it is crossed'.

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