योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-30, verse-9

अपरिज्ञातमेनं ते धर्मराजं त्रयोऽसुराः ।
न प्रणेमुर्विनाशाय सामान्यमिव किङ्करम् ॥ ९ ॥

aparijñātamenaṃ te dharmarājaṃ trayo'surāḥ ,
na praṇemurvināśāya sāmānyamiva kiṅkaram 9

9. aparijñātam enam te dharmarājam trayaḥ asurāḥ
na praṇemuḥ vināśāya sāmānyam iva kiṅkaram

9. te trayaḥ asurāḥ enam dharmarājam aparijñātam
sāmānyam iva kiṅkaram vināśāya na praṇemuḥ

9. Not recognizing him as the king of justice (dharmarāja), those three asuras did not bow down to him, treating him instead like an ordinary servant, which ultimately led to their destruction.

Words meanings summery:

• अपरिज्ञातम् (aparijñātam) - unrecognized (by the asuras) (unrecognized, unknown, not understood)

• एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Yama) (him, this one)

• ते (te) - those (referring to the three asuras) (those, they)

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - the king of justice, Yama (king of dharma, king of justice, Yama)

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• असुराः (asurāḥ) - (the three) asuras (asuras, demons)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रणेमुः (praṇemuḥ) - they bowed down (to Yama) (they bowed down, paid homage)

• विनाशाय (vināśāya) - leading to their destruction (dative of purpose) (for destruction, for ruin)

• सामान्यम् (sāmānyam) - an ordinary (person/servant) (common, ordinary, general)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• किङ्करम् (kiṅkaram) - a servant (servant, attendant)

Words meanings and morphology

अपरिज्ञातम् (aparijñātam) - unrecognized (by the asuras) (unrecognized, unknown, not understood)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aparijñāta

aparijñāta - unknown, unrecognized, not fully known

Past Passive Participle

Formed from the root √jñā with prefix pari- and negation a-, ending in -ta.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+parijñāta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• parijñāta – fully known, recognized, understood
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √jñā with prefix pari-
  Prefix: pari
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies "dharmarājam".

एनम् (enam) - him (referring to Yama) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, him (pronoun stem)

Note: Refers to Yama.

ते (te) - those (referring to the three asuras) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - the king of justice, Yama (king of dharma, king of justice, Yama)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of justice, Yama (the god of death and justice)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – justice, righteousness, law, duty, cosmic order, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root √dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root √rāj (to rule, shine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of "pranemuḥ".

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies "asurāḥ".

असुराः (asurāḥ) - (the three) asuras (asuras, demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asura

asura - a class of powerful, often malevolent, beings; demon

Note: Subject of the sentence.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रणेमुः (praṇemuḥ) - they bowed down (to Yama) (they bowed down, paid homage)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of pra-nam

Root √nam with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Past tense, refers to the action of the asuras.

विनाशाय (vināśāya) - leading to their destruction (dative of purpose) (for destruction, for ruin)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vināśa

vināśa - destruction, ruin, annihilation, loss

From root √naś (to perish) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Indicates the consequence of their non-submission.

सामान्यम् (sāmānyam) - an ordinary (person/servant) (common, ordinary, general)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāmānya

sāmānya - common, general, ordinary, belonging to all

Derived from samāna (similar, equal).

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

किङ्करम् (kiṅkaram) - a servant (servant, attendant)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kiṅkara

kiṅkara - servant, attendant, slave, one who does what is asked ("what can I do?")

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+kara)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun
• kara – doer, maker, hand
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)