योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-1, chapter-14, verse-20

गन्धादिगुणगर्भिण्या शून्ययाऽशक्तिवेश्यया ।
अन्नं महाशनेनेव जरया परिजीर्यते ॥ २० ॥

gandhādiguṇagarbhiṇyā śūnyayā'śaktiveśyayā ,
annaṃ mahāśaneneva jarayā parijīryate 20

20. gandhādigunagarbhiṇyā śūnyayā aśaktiveśyayā
annam mahāśanena iva jarayā parijīryate

20. Just as food is completely consumed by a glutton, so too is the body utterly wasted away by old age, which, though associated with sensory qualities (like smell), leaves one empty and enfeebled, like a prostitute.

Words meanings summery:

• गन्धादिगुनगर्भिण्या (gandhādigunagarbhiṇyā) - by old age, characterized by the decay or loss of sensory qualities (by that which is pregnant with qualities like smell (referring to the senses/body))

• शून्यया (śūnyayā) - by old age, which leaves one empty (of vigor) (by the empty, by the void)

• अशक्तिवेश्यया (aśaktiveśyayā) - by old age, which, like a prostitute, drains one's power and leaves one enfeebled (by the prostitute of powerlessness)

• अन्नम् (annam) - the body (likened to food) (food, grain; sustenance, the body)

• महाशनेन (mahāśanena) - by a great eater, by a glutton

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age, by decay

• परिजीर्यते (parijīryate) - is wasted away, is consumed, is decayed

Words meanings and morphology

गन्धादिगुनगर्भिण्या (gandhādigunagarbhiṇyā) - by old age, characterized by the decay or loss of sensory qualities (by that which is pregnant with qualities like smell (referring to the senses/body))

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of gandhādigunagarbhiṇī

gandhādigunagarbhiṇī - pregnant with qualities like smell etc.; bearing sensory qualities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gandha+ādi+guṇa+garbhiṇī)

• gandha – smell, odor; a sensory quality
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  indeclinable
• guṇa – quality, attribute, property
  noun (masculine)
• garbhiṇī – pregnant, bearing within, containing
  adjective (feminine)
  From 'garbha' (womb, interior) + '-inī' (feminine possessive suffix).

Note: Adjective modifying 'jarayā'.

शून्यया (śūnyayā) - by old age, which leaves one empty (of vigor) (by the empty, by the void)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, hollow, vacant

Note: Adjective modifying 'jarayā'.

अशक्तिवेश्यया (aśaktiveśyayā) - by old age, which, like a prostitute, drains one's power and leaves one enfeebled (by the prostitute of powerlessness)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of aśaktiveśyā

aśaktiveśyā - prostitute of powerlessness/impotence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aśakti+veśyā)

• aśakti – powerlessness, inability, impotence
  noun (feminine)
  Negation of 'śakti' (power, energy).
  Prefix: a
• veśyā – prostitute, harlot
  noun (feminine)

Note: Noun in instrumental, parallel to 'jarayā'.

अन्नम् (annam) - the body (likened to food) (food, grain; sustenance, the body)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain; matter, the body

Past passive participle of root 'ad' (to eat).

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'parijīryate'.

महाशनेन (mahāśanena) - by a great eater, by a glutton

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahāśana

mahāśana - a great eater, glutton

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+aśana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root 'aś' (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Agent in the comparison.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

जरया (jarayā) - by old age, by decay

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude, decay

From root 'jṝ' (to waste away).

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Agent of 'parijīryate'.

परिजीर्यते (parijīryate) - is wasted away, is consumed, is decayed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of parijīr

passive voice, present tense

Root 'jṝ' (to waste away) with prefix 'pari'. Passive form.

Prefix: pari

Root: jṝ (class 9)